{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:48:37Z","timestamp":1784069317473,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":182,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wiskott\u2013Aldrich syndrome proteins (WASPs) are nucleation-promoting factors (NPF) that differentially control the Arp2\/3 complex. In Drosophila, three different family members, SCAR (also known as WAVE), WASP and WASH (also known as CG13176), have been analyzed so far. Here, we characterized WHAMY, the fourth Drosophila WASP family member. whamy originated from a wasp gene duplication and underwent a sub-neofunctionalization. Unlike WASP, we found that WHAMY specifically interacted with activated Rac1 through its two CRIB domains, which were sufficient for targeting WHAMY to lamellipodial and filopodial tips. Biochemical analyses showed that WHAMY promoted exceptionally fast actin filament elongation, although it did not activate the Arp2\/3 complex. Loss- and gain-of-function studies revealed an important function of WHAMY in membrane protrusions and cell migration in macrophages. Genetic data further implied synergistic functions between WHAMY and WASP during morphogenesis. Double mutants were late-embryonic lethal and showed severe defects in myoblast fusion. Trans-heterozygous mutant animals showed strongly increased defects in sensory cell fate specification. Thus, WHAMY is a novel actin polymerase with an initial partitioning of ancestral WASP functions in development and subsequent acquisition of a new function in cell motility during evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.179325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T22:09:54Z","timestamp":1450303794000},"page":"604-620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["WHAMY is a novel actin polymerase promoting myoblast fusion, macrophage cell motility and sensory organ development in\n                    <i>Drosophila<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Klaus","family":"Brinkmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Neurobiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster 1 , Badestr. 9, M\u00fcnster 48149 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Winterhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 2 , Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, Hannover 30625 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne-Filiz","family":"\u00d6nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg 3 Fachbereich Biologie, Entwicklungsbiologie , , Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, Marburg 35043 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Campus Nord and Bioinformatik, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg 4 , W\u00fcrzburg 97074 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Faix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 2 , Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, Hannover 30625 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Bogdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Neurobiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster 1 , Badestr. 9, M\u00fcnster 48149 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2024061316021084300_JCS179325C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/20726","article-title":"Structure of Cdc42 in complex with the GTPase-binding domain of the \u2018Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome\u2019 protein","volume":"399","author":"Abdul-Manan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024061316021084300_JCS179325C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.068353","article-title":"Myoblast fusion: lessons from flies and mice","volume":"139","author":"Abmayr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024061316021084300_JCS179325C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6453-4","article-title":"Current topics in genome evolution: molecular mechanisms of new gene formation","volume":"64","author":"Babushok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. 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