{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T20:40:57Z","timestamp":1720644057996},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"Supplement_6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,1,1]],"date-time":"1987-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":536457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Several lines of evidence indicate that eukaryotic DNA is arranged in highly supercoiled domains or loops, and that the repeating loops are constrained by attachment to a nuclear skeletal structure termed the nuclear matrix. Active genes are transcribed at the nuclear matrix and during replication the loops are reeled through fixed matrix-associated replication complexes. We have investigated whether the repair of DNA damage also occurs in the nuclear matrix compartment. Biochemical analysis of confluent normal human fibroblasts, ultraviolet (u.v.)-irradiated with 30 J m\u22122 and post-u. v. incubated in the presence of hydroxyurea, did not show any evidence for the occurrence of repair synthesis at the nuclear matrix either 30 min or 13 h after irradiation. Autoradiographic visualization of repair events in single DNA halo-matrix structures confirmed the biochemical observations. At a biologically more relevant dose of 5 J m\u22122 repair synthesis seems to initiate at the nuclear matrix, although only part of the total repair could be localized there. In u.v.-irradiated (30 J m\u22122) normal human fibroblasts post-u.v. incubated in the presence of hydroxyurea and arabinosylcytosine for 2h, multiple single-stranded regions are generated in a DNA loop as a result of the inhibition of the excision repair process. Different biochemical approaches revealed that most of the single-stranded regions are clustered, indicating that the repair process itself is non-random or that domains in the chromatin are repaired at different rates. Preferential repair of certain domains in the chromatin was shown to occur in xeroderma pigmentosum cells of complementation group C (XP-C). In XP-C cells these domains are localized near the attachment sites of DNA loops at the nuclear matrix. In contrast, xeroderma pigmentosum cells of complementation group D as well as Syrian hamster embryonic cells with limited excision-repair capacities, revealed a random distribution of repair events in DNA loops. The preferential repair of matrix-associated DNA in XP-C cells may be related partly to repair of transcriptionally active DNA and this may account for the ability of XP-C cells, in contrast to XP- D cells, to recover u.v.-inhibited synthesis of DNA and RNA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.1984.supplement_6.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T07:59:48Z","timestamp":1369295988000},"page":"243-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Localization of Ultraviolet-Induced Excision Repair in the Nucleus and the Distribution of Repair Events in Higher Order Chromatin Loops in Mammalian Cells"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"1987","author":[{"given":"L. H. F.","family":"Mullenders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, University of Leiden, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. A. Van","family":"Zeeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, University of Leiden, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. T.","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, University of Leiden, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/11.4.1181","article-title":"Organization of DNA replication in Physarum polycephalum. Attachment of the origins of replicons and replication forks to the unclear matrix","volume":"11","author":"Aelen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.73.3.616","article-title":"Nuclear matrix. Isolation and characterization of a framework structure from rat liver nuclei","volume":"73","author":"Berezney","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90150-3","article-title":"DNA repair in an active gene: removal of pyrimidine dimers from the DHFR gene is much more efficient than in the genome overall","volume":"40","author":"Bohr","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/298100a0","article-title":"A relation between replicon size and supercoiled loop domains in the eukaryotic genome","volume":"298","author":"Buongiorno-Nardelli","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature, Land."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(79)90072-1","article-title":"Resistance of plateau phase cell, human normal, and xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts to the cytotoxic effects of ultraviolet light","volume":"63","author":"Chan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mut\u00e2t. Res."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(83)90105-7","article-title":"Structure of repaired sites in human DNA synthesized in the presence of inhibitors of DNA polymerases alpha and beta in human fibroblasts","volume":"739","author":"Cleaver","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochim. biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C7","first-page":"12463","volume":"259","author":"Cohn","year":"1984","journal-title":"The distribution of DNA excision repair sites in human diploid fibroblasts following ultraviolet irradiation., biol. Chem."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C8","first-page":"1","article-title":"An integrated view of inhibited repair. InDNA Repair and its Inhibition","volume":"13","author":"Collins","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Symp. Series, no"},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C9","first-page":"550","article-title":"The rationale for an ordered arrangement of chromatin in the interphase nucleus","volume":"20","author":"Comings","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am. J. hum. Genet."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.19.2.261","article-title":"Supercoils in human DNA","volume":"19","author":"Cook","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01189.x","article-title":"Active viral genes in transformed cells lie close to the nuclear cage","volume":"1","author":"Cook","year":"1982","journal-title":"EMBOJ."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/6.1.219","article-title":"Analysis of the attachment of replicating DNA to a nuclear matrix in mammalian interphase nuclei","volume":"6","author":"Dijkwel","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(74)80052-4","article-title":"Bidirectional chromosome replication: some topological considerations","volume":"43","author":"Dingman","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. theor. Biol."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C14","first-page":"9990","volume":"258","author":"Dresler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Identification of DNA polymerases involved in DNA excision repair in diploid human fibroblasts. Ji biol. Chem."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(79)90164-7","article-title":"Single-strand breaks in DNA during repair of UV-induced damage in normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum cells as determined by alkaline unwinding and hydroxylapatite chromatography","volume":"59","author":"Erixon","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mut\u00e2t. Res."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6887","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.22.6887","article-title":"Specific DNA sequences associated with the nuclear matrix in synchronized mouse 3T3 cells","volume":"80","author":"Goldberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S A."},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C17","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Cellular Responses to DNA Damage","author":"Mansbridge","year":"1983"},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C18","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Failure of RNA synthesis to recover after UV irradiation: An early defect in cells from individuals with Cockayne\u2019s syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum","volume-title":"Cancer Res.","author":"Mayne","year":"1982"},{"key":"2024071019361804800_JOCES_1987_S6_243C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.39.1.53","article-title":"Lesions induced in DNA by ultraviolet light are repaired at the nuclear cage. 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