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Deficient phagocyte NADPH oxidase (PHOX) function leads to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) that is characterized by invasive infections, including those by the generally non-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus nidulans. The role of neutrophil ROS in this specific host\u2013pathogen interaction remains unclear. Here, we exploit the optical transparency of zebrafish to image the effects of neutrophil ROS on invasive fungal growth and neutrophil behavior in response to Aspergillus nidulans. In a wild-type host, A. nidulans germinates rapidly and elicits a robust inflammatory response with efficient fungal clearance. PHOX-deficient larvae have increased susceptibility to invasive A. nidulans infection despite robust neutrophil infiltration. Expression of subunit p22phox (officially known as CYBA), specifically in neutrophils, does not affect fungal germination but instead limits the area of fungal growth and excessive neutrophil inflammation and is sufficient to restore host survival in p22phox-deficient larvae. These findings suggest that neutrophil ROS limits invasive fungal growth and has immunomodulatory activities that contribute to the specific susceptibility of PHOX-deficient hosts to invasive A. nidulans infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.236539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T16:25:20Z","timestamp":1573662320000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Neutrophil phagocyte oxidase activity controls invasive fungal growth and inflammation in zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Taylor J.","family":"Schoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison 2 Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program , , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6761-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily E.","family":"Rosowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin P.","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bennin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4386-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy P.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison 3 Department of Bacteriology , , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7940-6254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Huttenlocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison 4 Department of Pediatrics , , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024072613505085600_JCS236539C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100430","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100430","article-title":"Isolate-dependent growth, virulence, and cell wall composition in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"9","author":"Amarsaikhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2024072613505085600_JCS236539C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4654","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.080074897","article-title":"Human neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with an inhibitory Rac2 mutation","volume":"97","author":"Ambruso","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. 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