{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:57:15Z","timestamp":1788137835828,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017YFA0503501 2019YFA0508401 2017YFA0102900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0503501 2019YFA0508401 2017YFA0102900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31730052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31730052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31525015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31525015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31561130153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31561130153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31671444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31671444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31871352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Perturbation of spectrin-based membrane mechanics causes hereditary elliptocytosis and spinocerebellar ataxia, but the underlying cellular basis of pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we introduced conserved disease-associated spectrin mutations into the Caenorhabditis elegans genome and studied the contribution of spectrin to neuronal migration and dendrite formation in developing larvae. The loss of spectrin resulted in ectopic actin polymerization outside of the existing front and secondary membrane protrusions, leading to defective neuronal positioning and dendrite morphology in adult animals. Spectrin accumulated in the lateral region and rear of migrating neuroblasts and redistributes from the soma into the newly formed dendrites, indicating that the spectrin-based membrane skeleton is asymmetric and remodels to regulate actin assembly and cell shape during development. We affinity-purified spectrin from C. elegans and showed that its binding partner ankyrin functions with spectrin. Asymmetry and remodeling of the membrane skeleton might enable spatiotemporal modulation of membrane mechanics for distinct developmental events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.248583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T16:35:22Z","timestamp":1593794122000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The spectrin-based membrane skeleton is asymmetric and remodels during neural development in\n                    <i>C. elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Ru","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University 1 , Beijing 100084 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongping","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University 1 , Beijing 100084 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University 1 , Beijing 100084 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 Key Laboratory of Algal Biology , , Wuhan 430072 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University 1 , Beijing 100084 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8669-1065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiyao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 Key Laboratory of Algal Biology , , Wuhan 430072 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tsinghua University 3 , Beijing 100084 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1512-7824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangshuo","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University 1 , Beijing 100084 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024061318572696500_JCS248583C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201695734","article-title":"Hippo kinases maintain polarity during directional cell migration in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"36","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2024061318572696500_JCS248583C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5712","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-122457","article-title":"Structural and functional effects of hereditary hemolytic anemia-associated point mutations in the alpha spectrin tetramer site","volume":"111","author":"Gaetani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024061318572696500_JCS248583C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.149.4.931","article-title":"Mutations in beta-spectrin disrupt axon outgrowth and sarcomere structure","volume":"149","author":"Hammarlund","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2024061318572696500_JCS248583C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6678","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705043114","article-title":"Structural organization of the actin-spectrin-based membrane skeleton in dendrites and soma of neurons","volume":"114","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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