{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T21:13:52Z","timestamp":1768252432942,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006087","name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00e9mico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CJIC\/CTIC\/0961\/2019 IN200919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CJIC\/CTIC\/0961\/2019 IN200919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["253952 255914 Fronteras 71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["253952 255914 Fronteras 71"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Human spermatozoa are the archetype of long-term self-organizing transport in nature and are critical for reproductive success. They utilize coordinated head and flagellar movements to swim long distances within the female reproductive tract in order to find and fertilize the egg. However, to date, long-term analysis of the sperm head\u2013flagellar movements, or indeed those of other flagellated microorganisms, remains elusive due to limitations in microscopy and flagellar-tracking techniques. Here, we present a novel methodology based on local orientation and isotropy of bio-images to obtain long-term kinematic and physiological parameters of individual free-swimming spermatozoa without requiring image segmentation (thresholding). This computer-assisted segmentation-free method evaluates, for the first time, characteristics of the head movement and flagellar beating for up to 9.2\u2005min. We demonstrate its powerful use by showing how releasing Ca2+ from internal stores significantly alters long-term sperm behavior. The method allows for straightforward generalization to other bio-imaging applications, such as studies of bull sperm and Trypanosoma, or indeed of other flagellated microorganisms \u2013 appealing to communities other than those investigating sperm biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.250654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T22:36:44Z","timestamp":1610404604000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Long-term segmentation-free assessment of head\u2013flagellum movement and intracellular calcium in swimming human sperm"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5979-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Corkidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, UNAM 1 Laboratorio de Im\u00e1genes y Visi\u00f3n por Computadora, Departamento de Ingener\u00eda Celular y Biocat\u00e1lisis , , 62210 Cuernavaca , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2206-3489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, UNAM 1 Laboratorio de Im\u00e1genes y Visi\u00f3n por Computadora, Departamento de Ingener\u00eda Celular y Biocat\u00e1lisis , , 62210 Cuernavaca , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6858-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, UNAM 1 Laboratorio de Im\u00e1genes y Visi\u00f3n por Computadora, Departamento de Ingener\u00eda Celular y Biocat\u00e1lisis , , 62210 Cuernavaca , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8053-9249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermes","family":"Gad\u00ealha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol 2 Department of Engineering Mathematics & Bristol Robotics Laboratory , , Bristol BS8 1QU , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2502-0505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Darszon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, UNAM 3 Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica del Desarrollo y Fisiolog\u00eda Molecular , , 62210 Cuernavaca , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024061307413829000_JCS250654C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaz034","article-title":"Continuous behavioural \u2018switching\u2019 in human spermatozoa and its regulation by Ca2+-mobilising stimuli","volume":"25","author":"Achikanu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. 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