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Here, we demonstrate that replication stress (RS) is critical for the induction of TIS in residual cells by employing an in vitro GBM therapy-resistance cellular model. Interestingly, we found a \u2018biphasic\u2019 mode of DNA damage after radiation treatment and reveal that the second phase of DNA damage arises majorly in the S phase of residual cells due to RS. Mechanistically, we show that persistent phosphorylated ATR is a safeguard for radiation resilience, whereas the other canonical RS molecules remain unaltered during the second phase of DNA damage. Importantly, RS preceded the induction of senescence, and ATR inhibition resulted in TIS reduction, leading to apoptosis. Moreover, ATR inhibition sensitized PARP-1 inhibitor-induced enhanced TIS-mediated resistance, leading to cell death. Our study demonstrates the crucial role of RS in TIS induction and maintenance in GBM residual cells, and targeting ATR alone or in combination with a PARP-1 inhibitor will be an effective strategy to eliminate TIS for better treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.261844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T09:07:18Z","timestamp":1732180038000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biphasic DNA damage and non-canonical replication stress response govern radiation-induced senescence in glioblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1499-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atanu","family":"Ghorai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre 1 Shilpee Dutt Laboratory , , Navi Mumbai 410210,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhawna","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre 1 Shilpee Dutt Laboratory , , Navi Mumbai 410210,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex 2 , Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4217-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shilpee","family":"Dutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre 1 Shilpee Dutt Laboratory , , Navi Mumbai 410210,","place":["India"]},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University 3 Shilpee Dutt Laboratory , , New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121915092648200_JCS261844C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7492","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab551","article-title":"Replication catastrophe induced by cyclic hypoxia leads to increased APOBEC3B activity","volume":"49","author":"Bader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024121915092648200_JCS261844C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5095","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.249","article-title":"Replication stress and oxidative damage contribute to aberrant constitutive activation of DNA damage signalling in human gliomas","volume":"29","author":"Bartkova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2024121915092648200_JCS261844C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-022-00445-6","article-title":"Silencing of RND3\/RHOE inhibits the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with reversible senescence","volume":"29","author":"Basbous","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"2024121915092648200_JCS261844C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zcac012","DOI":"10.1093\/narcan\/zcac012","article-title":"High replication stress and limited Rad51-mediated DNA repair capacity, but not oxidative stress, underlie oligodendrocyte precursor cell radiosensitivity","volume":"4","author":"Berger","year":"2022","journal-title":"NAR Cancer"},{"key":"2024121915092648200_JCS261844C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2022.102313","article-title":"RAD51 paralogs: expanding roles in replication stress responses and repair","volume":"67","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. 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