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The Gram-negative obligate intracellular Chlamydiaceae, which pose a serious threat to human and animal health, attach to host cells and inject effector proteins that reprogram host cell machineries. Members of the conserved chlamydial TarP family have been characterized as major early effectors that bind to and remodel the host actin cytoskeleton. We now describe a new function for the Chlamydia pneumoniae TarP member CPn0572, namely the ability to bind and alter the microtubule cytoskeleton. Thus, CPn0572 is unique in being the only prokaryotic protein that directly modulates both dynamic cytoskeletons of a eukaryotic cell. Ectopically expressed GFP\u2013CPn0572 associates in a dose-independent manner with either cytoskeleton singly or simultaneously. In vitro, CPn0572 binds directly to microtubules. Expression of a microtubule-only CPn0572 variant resulted in the formation of an aberrantly thick, stabilized microtubule network. Intriguingly, during infection, secreted CPn0572 also colocalized with altered microtubules, suggesting that this protein also affects microtubule dynamics during infection. Our analysis points to a crosstalk between actin and microtubule cytoskeletons via chlamydial CPn0572.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.263450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T07:50:44Z","timestamp":1722844244000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Direct targeting of host microtubule and actin cytoskeletons by a chlamydial pathogenic effector protein"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3573-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"H\u00f6hler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heinrich-Heine-University 1 Eukaryotic Microbiology , , 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel R.","family":"Alc\u00e1zar-Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heinrich-Heine-University 1 Eukaryotic Microbiology , , 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heinrich-Heine-University 1 Eukaryotic Microbiology , , 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4769-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mac Pholo","family":"Aguirre-Huamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heinrich-Heine-University 1 Eukaryotic Microbiology , , 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-University 2 , 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafat","family":"Zrieq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha\u02b9il 3 Department of Public Health , , Ha\u2032il City 2440 ,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Applied Science Research Centre, Applied Science Private University 4 , Amman 11931 ,","place":["Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"M\u00f6lleken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-University 2 , 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4733-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes H.","family":"Hegemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-University 2 , 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0270-0970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursula","family":"Fleig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heinrich-Heine-University 1 Eukaryotic Microbiology , , 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024100207262229200_JCS263450C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57090","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057090","article-title":"A C. trachomatis cloning vector and the generation of C. trachomatis strains expressing fluorescent proteins under the control of a C. trachomatis promoter","volume":"8","author":"Agaisse","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2024100207262229200_JCS263450C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12829","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis remodels stable microtubules to coordinate Golgi stack recruitment to the chlamydial inclusion surface","volume":"94","author":"Al-Zeer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. 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