{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:06:09Z","timestamp":1791918369736,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-2\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006w34k90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Marine Biological Laboratory","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046dg4z72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The cell cycle is tightly regulated by checkpoint mechanisms that ensure faithful duplication and segregation of the genome. Here, we have induced cell\u2013cell fusion between mitotic and interphase cells to study how nuclei from different cell cycle stages behave in a shared cytoplasm. We found that mitosis is a dominant cell cycle state: the mitotic cytoplasm can drive interphase nuclei into mitosis, whereas only at high ratios of interphase versus mitotic nuclei are mitotic nuclei forced to exit mitosis. Both outcomes represent checkpoint override events with impactful consequences. Interphase nuclei forced into mitosis form aberrant mitotic spindles, show partially condensed DNA and ultimately undergo mitotic catastrophe. Conversely, forced mitotic exit results in reformation of nuclear envelope membranes around condensed chromosomes, forming nuclei with a defective nuclear import machinery. Altogether, cell\u2013cell fusion reveals the consequences of checkpoint override, forcing nuclei through untimely cell cycle transitions, and highlights how cell\u2013cell fusion experiments can be a powerful system for studying how competing cytoplasmic states are integrated in a shared cytoplasm, such as in muscle, placenta formation and cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.264827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:55:11Z","timestamp":1789034111000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Live dynamics of induced cell\u2013cell fusion between mitotic and interphasic cells"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Afonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, VA 20147,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, VA 20147,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8601-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lippincott-Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, VA 20147,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101303195521700_JCS264827C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251121","article-title":"Feedback control of chromosome separation by a midzone Aurora B gradient","volume":"345","author":"Afonso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101303195521700_JCS264827C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1740","article-title":"Opinion: the origin of the cancer stem cell: current controversies and new insights","volume":"5","author":"Bjerkvig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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