{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:49:33Z","timestamp":1791247773362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Bacterial insecticides have been used for the control of nuisance and vector mosquitoes for more than two decades. Nevertheless, due primarily to their high cost and often only moderate efficacy, these insecticides remain of limited use in tropical countries where mosquito-borne diseases are prevalent. Recently, however, recombinant DNA techniques have been used to improve bacterial insecticide efficacy by markedly increasing the synthesis of mosquitocidal proteins and by enabling new endotoxin combinations from different bacteria to be produced within single strains. These new strains combine mosquitocidal Cry and Cyt proteins of Bacillus thuringiensiswith the binary toxin of Bacillus sphaericus, improving efficacy against Culex species by 10-fold and greatly reducing the potential for resistance through the presence of Cyt1A. Moreover, although intensive use of B. sphaericus against Culex populations in the field can result in high levels of resistance, most of this can be suppressed by combining this bacterial species with Cyt1A; the latter enables the binary toxin of this species to enter midgut epithelial cells via the microvillar membrane in the absence of a midgut receptor. The availability of these novel strains and newly discovered mosquitocidal proteins, such as the Mtx toxins of B. sphaericus, offers the potential for constructing a range of recombinant bacterial insecticides for more effective control of the mosquito vectors of filariasis, Dengue fever and malaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,23]],"date-time":"2003-09-23T22:19:11Z","timestamp":1064355551000},"page":"3877-3885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Recombinant bacteria for mosquito control"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"B. A.","family":"Federici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside,Riverside, CA 92521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.-W.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside,Riverside, CA 92521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. K.","family":"Bideshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside,Riverside, CA 92521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside,Riverside, CA 92521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside,Riverside, CA 92521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042505073912900_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bar, E., Leiman-Hurwitz J., Rahamim, E., Keynan A. and Sandler,N. (1991). Cloning and expression of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis \u03b4-endotoxin DNA in B. sphaericus. J. Invertebr. Pathol.57,149-158.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(91)90110-C"},{"key":"2021042505073912900_REF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bar, E., Sandler, N., Makayoto, M. and Keynan, A.(1998). Expression of chromosomally inserted Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis toxin genes in Bacillus sphaericus. J. Invertebr. Pathol.72,206-213.","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1998.4787"},{"key":"2021042505073912900_REF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumann, P., Clark, M. A., Baumann, L. and Broadwell, A. H.(1991). Bacillus sphaericus as a mosquito pathogen:properties of the organism and its toxins. Microbiol. Rev.55,425-436.","DOI":"10.1128\/MR.55.3.425-436.1991"},{"key":"2021042505073912900_REF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker, N. (2000). Bacterial control of vector-mosquitoes and black flies. In Entomopathogenic Bacteria:From Laboratory to Field Application (ed. J. F. Charles, A. Dele\u0301cluse and C. Nielsen-LaRoux), pp. 383-398. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-1429-7_21"},{"key":"2021042505073912900_REF5","unstructured":"Becker, N. and Ludwig, M. (1993). Investigations on possible resistance in Aedes vexans after a 10-year application of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.9,221-224."},{"key":"2021042505073912900_REF6","unstructured":"Becker, N. and Margalit, J. (1993). Use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against mosquitoes and blackflies. 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