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This review examines the underlying cellular events that lead to symbiosis dysfunction and cause bleaching, emphasizing that, to date, we have only some pieces of a complex cellular jigsaw puzzle. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by damage to both photosynthetic and mitochondrial membranes, is shown to play a central role in both injury to the partners and to inter-partner communication of a stress response. Evidence is presented that suggests that bleaching is a host innate immune response to a compromised symbiont, much like innate immune responses in other host\u2013microbe interactions. Finally, the elimination or exit of the symbiont from host tissues is described through a variety of mechanisms including exocytosis, host cell detachment and host cell apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.009597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,19]],"date-time":"2008-09-19T04:58:48Z","timestamp":1221800328000},"page":"3059-3066","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":878,"title":["Cellular mechanisms of Cnidarian bleaching: stress causes the collapse of symbiosis"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Virginia M.","family":"Weis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042511533507700_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ainsworth, T. D. and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2008). 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