{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T17:17:56Z","timestamp":1648919876036},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Short-beaked echidnas have an impressive ability to submerge completely into soil or sand and remain there, cryptic, for long periods. This poses questions about how they manage their respiration, cut off from a free flow of gases. We measured the gradient in oxygen partial pressure(PO2) away from the snouts of buried echidnas and oxygen consumption(V\u0307O2) in five individuals under similar conditions, in two substrates with different air-filled porosities (fa). A theoretical diffusion model indicated that diffusion alone was insufficient to account for the flux of oxygen required to meet measured rates of V\u0307O2. However, it was noticed that echidnas often showed periodic movements of the anterior part of the body, as if such movements were a deliberate effort to flush the tidal air space surrounding their nostrils. These `flushing movements' were subsequently found to temporarily increase the levels of interstitial oxygen in the soil around the head region. Flushing movements were more frequent while V\u0307O2 was higher during the burrowing process, and also in substrate with lower fa. We conclude that oxygen supply to buried echidnas is maintained by diffusion through the soil augmented by periodic flushing movements, which ventilate the tidal airspace that surrounds the nostrils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,15]],"date-time":"2006-02-15T20:08:18Z","timestamp":1140034098000},"page":"938-944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Respiration by buried echidnas <i>Tachyglossus aculeatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"Courtney A.","family":"Waugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane,Australia 4072"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon C.","family":"Grigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane,Australia 4072"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane,Australia 4072"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyn A.","family":"Beard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane,Australia 4072"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042510032638400_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augee, M. L., Elsner, R. W., Gooden, B. A. and Wilson, P. R.(1971). Respiratory and cardiac responses of a burrowing animal,echidna. Respir. Physiol.11,327-334.","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(71)90006-5"},{"key":"2021042510032638400_REF2","unstructured":"Bech, C., Nicol, S. C. and Andersen, N. A.(1992). Ventilation in the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. In Platypus and Echidnas (ed. M. L. Augee), pp. 134-139. Sydney: The Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Sydney."},{"key":"2021042510032638400_REF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bentley, P. J., Herrid, C. F. and Schmidt-Neilsen, K.(1967). Respiration of a monotreme, the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus.Am. J. Physiol.212,957-961.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1967.212.5.957"},{"key":"2021042510032638400_REF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brice, P. H., Grigg, G. C., Beard, L. A. and Donovan, J. A.(2002). Patterns of activity and inactivity in echidnas(Tachyglossus aculeatus) free-ranging in a hot dry climate:correlates with ambient temperature, time of day and season. Austr. J. Zool.50,461-475.","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO01080"},{"key":"2021042510032638400_REF5","unstructured":"Burrell, H. (1926). The burrowing habits of Tachyglossus aculeatus. Austr. J. Zool.4, 197-198."},{"key":"2021042510032638400_REF6","unstructured":"Dawson, T. J., Fanning, D. and Bergin, T. J.(1978). Metabolism and temperature regulation in the New Guinea monotreme Zaglossus bruijni.Austr. Zool.20, 99-103."},{"key":"2021042510032638400_REF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawson, T. J., Grant, T. R. and Fanning, D.(1979). Standard metabolism of monotremes and the evolution of homeothermy. Austr. J. Zool.27,511-515.","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO9790511"},{"key":"2021042510032638400_REF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frappell, P. B., Franklin, C. E. and Grigg, G. C.(1994). 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