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This study examines the relationship between hair cell damage and physiological changes in auditory responses following noise exposure in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Goldfish were exposed to white noise (170 dB re. 1 \u03bcPa RMS)for 48 h and monitored for 8 days after exposure. Auditory thresholds were determined using the auditory evoked potential technique, and morphological hair cell damage was analyzed using phalloidin and DAPI labeling to visualize hair cell bundles and nuclei. A TUNEL assay was used to identify apoptotic cells. Following noise exposure, goldfish exhibited a significant temporary threshold shift (TTS; ranging from 13 to 20 dB) at all frequencies tested(from 0.2-2 kHz). By 7 days post-exposure, goldfish hearing recovered significantly (mean TTS&amp;lt;4 dB). Increased apoptotic activity was observed in the saccules and lagenae between 0 and 2 days post-exposure. Immediately after noise exposure, the central and caudal regions of saccules exhibited significant loss of hair bundles. Hair bundle density in the central saccule recovered by the end of the experiment (8 days post-exposure) while bundle density in the caudal saccule did not return to control levels in this time frame. These data demonstrate that goldfish inner ear epithelia show damage following noise exposure and that they are capable of significant regenerative responses similar to those seen following ototoxic drug treatment. Interestingly, functional recovery preceded morphological recovery in the goldfish saccule, suggesting that only a subset of hair cells are necessary for normal auditory responses, at least to the extent that hearing was measured in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T21:08:18Z","timestamp":1161205698000},"page":"4193-4202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Anatomical and functional recovery of the goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus<\/i>) ear following noise exposure"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison B.","family":"Coffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur N.","family":"Popper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042510175173400_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler, H. 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