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The present study tested the hypothesis that cortisol mediates changes in urea pulse size in ureotelic toadfish through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and not the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). In vivo pharmacological investigations were used to manipulate the corticosteroid system in crowded toadfish, including experimentally lowering plasma cortisol levels by the injection of metyrapone, blocking cortisol receptors through exposure to either RU-486 (GR antagonist) and spironolactone (MR antagonist), or through exogenous infusion of the tetrapod mineralocorticoid aldosterone (tetrapod MR agonist). The data demonstrate that lowering the activity of cortisol, either by inhibiting its synthesis or by blocking its receptor, resulted in a two- to threefold increase in pulse size with no accompanying change in pulse frequency. Treatment with spironolactone elicited a minor (\u223c1.5-fold)reduction in pulse size, as did aldosterone treatment, suggesting that the anti-mineralocorticoid spironolactone has an agonistic effect in a piscine system. In summary, the evidence suggests that urea transport mechanisms in pulsing toadfish are upregulated in response to low cortisol, mediated primarily by GRs, and to a lesser extent MRs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.026997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]],"date-time":"2009-05-29T17:35:27Z","timestamp":1243618527000},"page":"1849-1858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The regulatory role of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in pulsatile urea excretion of the gulf toadfish,<i>Opsanus beta<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Tamara M.","family":"Rodela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Danielle","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami,Miami, FL 33149, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042522481188800_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsop, D. and Vijayan, M. M. (2008). Development of the corticosteroid stress axis and receptor expression in zebrafish. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. 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