{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:38:35Z","timestamp":1780079915778,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Saltwater crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus, possess lingual salt glands which function to remove excess Na+ and Cl\u2212 accumulated as a consequence of living in salt water. Little is known about the nature of ion transport systems in C. porosus salt glands and how these systems respond to an osmotic challenge. In the present study, we examined the distribution and regulation of the Na+\/K+-ATPase (NKA) pump, specifically the \u03b1-(catalytic) subunit in the salt glands of C. porosus chronically acclimated (6 months) to freshwater (FW) or 70% seawater (SW). We hypothesised that in the SW-acclimated C. porosus there would be an up-regulation of the abundance, activity and gene expression of the NKA transporter. NKA was immunolocalised to the lateral and basal membrane of secretory cells. As predicted, the NKA \u03b1-subunit was 2-fold more abundant in SW-acclimated C. porosus salt glands. NKA gene expression was also elevated in the salt glands of SW- vs FW-acclimated crocodiles. There was no increase in the specific activity of NKA in SW-acclimated animals and the in vitro rate of oxygen consumption by salt gland slices from SW-acclimated animals was not significantly different from that of FW-acclimated animals. The proportion of tissue oxygen consumption rate attributable to NKA activity was not different between SW- and FW-acclimated animals (approximately 50%). These data suggest that either chronic SW acclimation does not affect NKA in crocodile salt glands in the same manner as seen in other models or crocodiles possess the capacity to moderate NKA activity following prolonged exposure to SW.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.039305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]],"date-time":"2010-03-26T13:27:50Z","timestamp":1269610070000},"page":"1301-1308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Activity, abundance, distribution and expression of Na+\/K+-ATPase in the salt glands of<i>Crocodylus porosus<\/i>following chronic saltwater acclimation"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"213","author":[{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Cramp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig E.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042506093074700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001180203","article-title":"Histochemical and electron microscopic observations on the salt secreting lacrymal glands of marine turtles","volume":"118","author":"Abel","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. J. Anat."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cytosolic pH affects DNA-synthesis in nasal gland cells of osmotically stressed ducklings, Anas platyrhynchos","volume":"102","author":"Bentz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zoology"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091470108","article-title":"Fine structure of the rectal (salt-secreting) gland of the spinydogfish, Squalus acanthias","volume":"147","author":"Bulger","year":"1963","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.a.60","article-title":"Immunolocalization of Na+\/K+-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase II, and vacuolar H+-ATPase in the gills of freshwater adult lampreys, Geotria australis","volume":"301","author":"Choe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2006.11.011","article-title":"The effects of saltwater acclimation on neurotransmitters in the lingual salt glands of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus","volume":"140","author":"Cramp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.015636","article-title":"Functional and morphological plasticity of crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) salt glands","volume":"211","author":"Cramp","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00694150","article-title":"Relation between plasma Na concentration and salt gland Na-K ATPase content in Diamondback Terrapin and Yellow-Bellied Sea Snake","volume":"101","author":"Dunson","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1968.215.6.1512","article-title":"Salt gland secretion in the pelagic sea snake Pelamis","volume":"215","author":"Dunson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091800204","article-title":"Cytological effects of salt-stress and localization of transport adenosine triphosphatase in the lateral nasal glands of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis","volume":"180","author":"Ellis","year":"1974","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(63)90031-9","article-title":"Effect of a salt water regimen on development of salt glands of domestic ducklings","volume":"8","author":"Ellis","year":"1963","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R11","first-page":"R704","article-title":"Teleost fish osmoregulation: what have we learned since August Krogh, Homer Smith and Ancel Keys","volume":"295","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.83.1.16","article-title":"Elasmobranch rectal gland cell: autoradiographic localization of [3H]ouabain-sensitive Na, K-ATPase in rectal gland of dogfish, Squalus acanthias","volume":"83","author":"Eveloff","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.47.3.375a","article-title":"Sequential changes in the adenosinetriphosphatase activity and the electrolyte excretory capacity of the nasal glands of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos) during the period of adaptation to hypertonic saline","volume":"47","author":"Fletcher","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052180204","article-title":"Increased vascularity of the lingual salt glands of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, kept in hyperosmotic salinity","volume":"218","author":"Franklin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.59.2.30156038","article-title":"Sodium and water fluxes in free living Crocodylus porosus in marine and brackish conditions","volume":"59","author":"Grigg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physiol. Zool."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.13.1895","article-title":"Changes in Na+\/K+-ATPase expression during adaptive cell differentiation in avian nasal salt gland","volume":"200","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C184","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1980.238.5.C184","article-title":"Dissociation of avian salt glands: separation procedures and characterization of dissociated cells","volume":"238","author":"Hootman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.04.016","article-title":"Identification of immuno-reactive proteins from a sheep gastrointestinal nematode, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry","volume":"37","author":"Kiel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R19","first-page":"R219","article-title":"Comparison of vertebrate salt-excreting organs","volume":"238","author":"Kirschner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012921","article-title":"Adaptive hyperplasia and compensatory growth in the salt glands of ducks and geese","volume":"294","author":"Knight","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-4959(01)00493-6","article-title":"The effects of dietary sodium loading on the activity and expression of Na, K-ATPase in the rectal gland of the European Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula)","volume":"131","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1139\/f93-075","article-title":"Methods for non-leathal gill biopsy and measurement of Na+K+ATPase activity","volume":"50","author":"McCormick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.19.2957","article-title":"Effects of environmental salinity on Na+\/K+-ATPase in the gills and rectal gland of a euryhaline elasmobranch (Dasyatis sabina)","volume":"203","author":"Piermarini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-004-0460-2","article-title":"Freshwater to seawater acclimation of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas): plasma osmolytes and Na(+)\/K(+)-ATPase activity in gill, rectal gland, kidney and intestine","volume":"175","author":"Pillans","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. [B]"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.21.5.955","article-title":"The salt-secreting gland of marine birds","volume":"21","author":"Schmidt-Nielsen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/182783a0","article-title":"Salt glands in marine reptiles","volume":"182","author":"Schmidt-Nielsen","year":"1958","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.2307\/4082766","article-title":"The effect of salt intake on the size and function of the salt gland of ducks","volume":"81","author":"Schmidt-Nielsen","year":"1964","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C300","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00054.2004","article-title":"Changes in gene expression in gills of the euryhaline killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus after abrupt salinity transfer","volume":"287","author":"Scott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R29","volume-title":"Theory and Practice of Histotechnology","author":"Sheehan","year":"1980"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19990601)283:7<689::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Vertebrate salt glands: short- and long-term regulation of function","volume":"283","author":"Shuttleworth","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(84)90198-1","article-title":"Drinking of fresh water but not seawater by the Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)","volume":"77","author":"Taplin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00684681","article-title":"Sodium and water budgets of the fasted estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus in sea water","volume":"155","author":"Taplin","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1126\/science.212.4498.1045","article-title":"Salt glands in the tongue of the Estuarine Crocodile Crocodylus porosus","volume":"212","author":"Taplin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1038\/215995a0","article-title":"The salt gland in a sea snake (Laticauda)","volume":"215","author":"Taub","year":"1967","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042506093074700_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00220684","article-title":"Localization of K+-stimulated p-NPPase in the lachrymal \u2018salt\u2019 gland of Malaclemys, using cytochemical and autoradiographical techniques","volume":"174","author":"Thompson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/213\/8\/1301\/1273080\/1301.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/213\/8\/1301\/1273080\/1301.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T02:41:47Z","timestamp":1635129707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/213\/8\/1301\/10179\/Activity-abundance-distribution-and-expression-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,15]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.039305","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9145","0022-0949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,15]]}}}