{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:37:08Z","timestamp":1788403028678,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>A protrusible upper jaw has independently evolved multiple times within teleosts and has been implicated in the success of two groups in particular: Acanthomorpha and Cypriniformes. We use digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to compare suction feeding flow dynamics in a representative of each of these clades: goldfish and bluegill. Using DPIV, we contrast the spatial pattern of flow, the temporal relationship between flow and head kinematics, and the contribution of jaw protrusion to the forces exerted on prey. As expected, the spatial patterns of flow were similar in the two species. However, goldfish were slower to reach maximal kinematic excursions, and were more flexible in the relative timing of jaw protrusion, other jaw movements and suction flows. Goldfish were also able to sustain flow speeds for a prolonged period of time as compared with bluegill, in part because goldfish generate lower peak flow speeds. In both species, jaw protrusion increased the force exerted on the prey. However, slower jaw protrusion in goldfish resulted in less augmentation of suction forces. This difference in force exerted on prey corresponds with differences in trophic niches and feeding behavior of the two species. The bluegill uses powerful suction to capture insect larvae whereas the goldfish uses winnowing to sort through detritus and sediment. The kinethmoid of goldfish may permit jaw protrusion that is independent of lower jaw movement, which could explain the ability of goldfish to decouple suction flows (due to buccal expansion) from upper jaw protrusion. Nevertheless, our results show that jaw protrusion allows both species to augment the force exerted on prey, suggesting that this is a fundamental benefit of jaw protrusion to suction feeders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.066308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]],"date-time":"2012-04-11T17:08:24Z","timestamp":1334164104000},"page":"1456-1463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Independently evolved upper jaw protrusion mechanisms show convergent hydrodynamic function in teleost fishes"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Katie Lynn","family":"Staab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, 2023 G Street NW, Lisner Hall Room 340, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roi","family":"Holzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, and Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, POB 469, Eilat 88103, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Patricia","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, 2023 G Street NW, Lisner Hall Room 340, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042506512548000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16287","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506649102","article-title":"Integration and evolution of the cichlid mandible: the molecular basis of alternate feeding strategies","volume":"102","author":"Albertson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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