{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:07:49Z","timestamp":1790467669106,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Tree frogs use adhesive toe pads for climbing on a variety of surfaces. They rely on wet adhesion, which is aided by the secretion of mucus. In nature, the pads will undoubtedly get contaminated regularly through usage, but appear to maintain their stickiness over time. Here, we show in two experiments that the toe pads of White's tree frogs (Litoria caerulea) quickly recover from contamination through a self-cleaning mechanism. We compared adhesive forces prior to and after contamination of (1) the whole animal on a rotatable platform and (2) individual toe pads in restrained frogs mimicking individual steps using a motorised stage. In both cases, the adhesive forces recovered after a few steps but this took significantly longer in single toe pad experiments from restrained frogs, showing that use of the pads increases recovery. We propose that both shear movements and a \u2018flushing\u2019 effect of the secreted mucus play an important role in shedding particles\/contaminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.073809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]],"date-time":"2012-10-24T17:05:14Z","timestamp":1351098314000},"page":"3965-3972","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Self-cleaning in tree frog toe pads; a mechanism for recovering from contamination without the need for grooming"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Niall","family":"Crawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Endlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Jon P.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042506431779900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12252","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192252799","article-title":"Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae","volume":"99","author":"Autumn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042506431779900_R2","first-page":"S94","article-title":"Adhesion and friction forces generated by single toe pads of the frog Litoria caerulea","volume":"143","author":"Barnes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. 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