{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:03:53Z","timestamp":1753884233800,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The weatherloach, Misgurnus angulliacaudatus, is an intestinal air-breathing, freshwater fish that has the unique ability to excrete ammonia through gut volatilization when branchial and cutaneous routes are compromised during high environmental ammonia or air exposure. We hypothesized that transepithelial gut NH4+ transport is facilitated by an apical Na+\/H+ (NH4+) exchanger (NHE) and basolateral Na+\/K+(NH4+)-ATPase, and that gut boundary layer alkalinization (NH4+ =&amp;gt; NH3 + H+) is facilitated by apical HCO3- secretion through a Cl-\/HCO3- anion exchanger. This was tested using a pharmacological approach with anterior (digestive) and posterior (respiratory) intestine preparations mounted in pH-stat equipped Ussing chambers. The anterior intestine had a markedly higher conductance, short circuit current and net base (Jbase) and ammonia excretions rates (Jamm) than posterior intestine. In anterior intestine, HCO3- accounted for 70% Jbase. In the presence of an imposed serosal-mucosal ammonia gradient, both NHE and Na+\/K+-ATPase inhibitors EIPA (0.1mM) and ouabain (0.1mM) significantly inhibit Jamm in the anterior intestine, although only the former in the posterior intestine. In addition, the anion exchange inhibitor DIDS significantly reduced Jbase in anterior intestine although only at a high dose (1mM). Carbonic anhydrase does not appear to be associated with gut alkalization under these conditions since etoxzolamide was without effect on Jbase. Membrane fluidity of the posterior intestine was low suggesting low permeability, which was also reflected in a lower mucosal-serosal Jamm in the presence of an imposed gradient in contrast to the anterior intestine. To conclude although the posterior intestine is highly modified for gas exchange, it is the anterior intestine that is the likely site of ammonia excretion and alkalinization leading to ammonia volatilization in the gut.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.074401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]],"date-time":"2012-10-18T12:53:15Z","timestamp":1350564795000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mechanisms of transepithelial ammonia excretion and luminal alkalinization in the gut of an intestinal air-breathing fish, <i>Misgurnus anguilliacaudatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto, Portugal;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana C.","family":"Moreira-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto, Portugal;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas L. S.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto, Portugal;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue C.","family":"Ebanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathilakath M.","family":"Vijayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto, Portugal;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Grosell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042507150140200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00584475","article-title":"Effects of glucose and ouabain on transepithelial electrical resistance and cell volume in stripped and unstripped goldfish intestine","volume":"383","author":"Albus","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"2021042507150140200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.150.1.381","article-title":"Bicarbonate transport systems in the intestine of the seawater eel","volume":"150","author":"Ando","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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