{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:04:31Z","timestamp":1753884271938,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) has an amphibian papilla (AP) that senses airborne, low-frequency sound and generates distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) similar to other vertebrate species. Although ranid frogs are typically found in noisy environments, the effects of noise on the AP have not been studied. First, we determined the noise levels that diminished DPOAE at 2f1-f2 using an f2 stimulus level at 80 dB SPL and that also produced morphological damage of the sensory epithelium. Second, we compared DPOAE (2f1-f2) responses with histopathologic changes occurring in bullfrogs after noise exposure. Consistent morphological damage such as fragmented hair cells and missing bundles as well as elimination of DPOAE responses were seen only after very high-level (&amp;gt;150 dB SPL) sound exposures. The morphological response of hair cells to noise differed along the mediolateral AP axis: medial hair cells were sensitive to noise and lateral hair cells were relatively insensitive to noise. Renewed or repaired hair cells were not observed until 9 days post exposure. Following noise exposure, DPOAE responses disappeared within 24 hours and then recovered to normal pre-exposure levels within 3 \u2013 4 days. Our results suggest that DPOAEs in the bullfrog are sensitive to the initial period of hair cell damage. After noise-induce damage, the bullfrog AP has functional recovery mechanisms that do not depend on substantial hair cell regeneration or repair. Thus, the bullfrog auditory system might serve as an interesting model for investigations of ways to prevent noise damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.090092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T05:06:02Z","timestamp":1391663162000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recovery of otoacoustic emissions after high-level noise exposure in the American bullfrog"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Dwayne D.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, United States;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Lohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for the Deaf and Washington University School of Medicine, United States;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Wotring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for the Deaf and Washington University School of Medicine, United States;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam D.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for the Deaf and Washington University School of Medicine, United States;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for the Deaf and Washington University School of Medicine, United States;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042508341608800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11722","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.22.11722","article-title":"Hair cell recovery in mitotically blocked cultures of the bullfrog saccule","volume":"97","author":"Baird","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5640-0_40","article-title":"Otoacoustic evidence for nonlinear behavior in frog hearing: suppression but no distortion products","volume-title":"Cochlear Mechanisms: Structure, Function and Models","author":"Baker","year":"1989"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1342","article-title":"Activity-dependent transcription regulation of PSD-95 by neuregulin-1 and Eos","volume":"7","author":"Bao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0337433100","article-title":"Hair-bundle movements elicited by transepithelial electrical stimulation of hair cells in the sacculus of the bullfrog","volume":"100","author":"Bozovic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00064-2","article-title":"The effects of maturation and stimulus parameters on the optimal f(2)\/f(1) ratio of the 2f(1)-f(2) distortion product otoacoustic emission in neonates(1)","volume":"145","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90160-3","article-title":"The effect of sound level, temperature and dehydration on the brainstem auditory evoked potential in anuran amphibians","volume":"70","author":"Carey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.069559","article-title":"Cochlear function in Prestin knockout mice","volume":"560","author":"Cheatham","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1159\/000013852","article-title":"Structural recovery from sound and aminoglycoside damage in the avian cochlea","volume":"4","author":"Cotanche","year":"1999","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurootol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80705-9","article-title":"Synaptic targeting of the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 mediated by lipid and protein motifs","volume":"22","author":"Craven","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.030535797","article-title":"A library of bacteriophage-displayed antibody fragments directed against proteins of the inner ear","volume":"97","author":"Cyr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4908","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.070050797","article-title":"Identification with a recombinant antibody of an inner-ear cytokeratin, a marker for hair-cell differentiation","volume":"97","author":"Cyr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.02.028","article-title":"Prestin-based outer hair cell motility is necessary for mammalian cochlear amplification","volume":"58","author":"Dallos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.1048","article-title":"Distribution of members of the PSD-95 family of MAGUK proteins at the synaptic region of inner and outer hair cells of the guinea pig cochlea","volume":"40","author":"Davies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(90)90206-5","article-title":"Ultrastructural observations on regenerating hair cells in the chick basilar papilla","volume":"48","author":"Duckert","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903310105","article-title":"Morphological correlates of functional recovery in the chicken inner ear after gentamycin treatment","volume":"331","author":"Duckert","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04416","article-title":"Ultrasonic communication in frogs","volume":"440","author":"Feng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.115949","article-title":"Active hair bundle movements in auditory hair cells","volume":"576","author":"Fettiplace","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10002","article-title":"Survival of bundleless hair cells and subsequent bundle replacement in the bullfrog's saccule","volume":"50","author":"Gale","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.03.002","article-title":"A mechanism for sensing noise damage in the inner ear","volume":"14","author":"Gale","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91000.2008","article-title":"Regeneration of vestibular horizontal semicircular canal afferents in pigeons","volume":"102","author":"Haque","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1689961","article-title":"Noise-induced hair-cell loss and total exposure energy: analysis of a large data set","volume":"115","author":"Harding","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2004.03.011","article-title":"Temporary DPOAE level shifts, ABR threshold shifts and histopathological damage following below-critical-level noise exposures","volume":"196","author":"Harding","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2007.06.011","article-title":"Closure of supporting cell scar formations requires dynamic actin mechanisms","volume":"232","author":"Hordichok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11765","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.22.11765","article-title":"Putting ion channels to work: mechanoelectrical transduction, adaptation, and amplification by hair cells","volume":"97","author":"Hudspeth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1121\/1.382104","article-title":"Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system","volume":"64","author":"Kemp","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/63.1.223","article-title":"Otoacoustic emissions, their origin in cochlear function, and use","volume":"63","author":"Kemp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7569905","article-title":"Domain interaction between NMDA receptor subunits and the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95","volume":"269","author":"Kornau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s001140050467","article-title":"Otoacoustic emissions from a nonvertebrate ear","volume":"85","author":"K\u00f6ssl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(96)00006-8","article-title":"Further studies on the mechanics of the cochlear partition in the mustached bat. II. A second cochlear frequency map derived from acoustic distortion products","volume":"94","author":"K\u00f6ssl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1017\/S0424820100080584","article-title":"Comparative scanning electron microscopy study of the anuran basilar papilla","volume":"35","author":"Lewis","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. Proc. Electron Microsc. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R31","first-page":"1899","article-title":"On the frog amphibian papilla","volume":"4","author":"Lewis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Scan. Electron Microsc."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90856-2","article-title":"Hair cell types and distributions in the otolithic and auditory organs of the bullfrog","volume":"83","author":"Lewis","year":"1975","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1775275","article-title":"Otoacoustic emissions without somatic motility: can stereocilia mechanics drive the mammalian cochlea?","volume":"116","author":"Liberman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199302000-00003","article-title":"Clinical testing of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions","volume":"14","author":"Lonsbury-Martin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00067.2007","article-title":"A novel effect of cochlear efferents: in vivo response enhancement does not require alpha9 cholinergic receptors","volume":"97","author":"Maison","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1791719","article-title":"Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) input\/output functions and the influence of the second DPOAE source","volume":"116","author":"Mauermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2004.01.015","article-title":"Level dependence of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens pipiens","volume":"192","author":"Meenderink","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-006-0039-6","article-title":"Temperature dependence of anuran distortion product otoacoustic emissions","volume":"7","author":"Meenderink","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1871752","article-title":"Comparison between distortion product otoacoustic emissions and nerve fiber responses from the basilar papilla of the frog","volume":"117","author":"Meenderink","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1771613","article-title":"Relationship of neural and otoacoustic emission thresholds during endocochlear potential development in the gerbil","volume":"116","author":"Mills","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R41","first-page":"287","article-title":"The relationship between call intensity and function in the puerto rican coqui (Anura: Leptodactylidae)","volume":"38","author":"Narins","year":"1982","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1121\/1.397456","article-title":"Noise susceptibility and immunity of phase locking in amphibian auditory-nerve fibers","volume":"85","author":"Narins","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R43","first-page":"511","article-title":"The effects of noise on auditory processing and behavior in amphibians","volume-title":"The Evolution of the Amphibian Auditory System","author":"Narins","year":"1988"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.5.1508","article-title":"Accessory pathway for sound transfer in a neotropical frog","volume":"85","author":"Narins","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989110400203","article-title":"Acoustic-distortion products: separation of sensory from neural dysfunction in sensorineural hearing loss in human beings and rabbits","volume":"104","author":"Ohlms","year":"1991","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2010.03.094","article-title":"Somatic motility and hair bundle mechanics, are both necessary for cochlear amplification?","volume":"273","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R47","first-page":"348","article-title":"Otoacoustic emissions in neonatal screening","volume-title":"Otoacoustic Emissions \u2013 Clinical Applications","author":"Prieve","year":"2002","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000046812","article-title":"Functional recovery of hearing following ampa-induced reversible disruption of hair cell afferent synapses in the avian inner ear","volume":"6","author":"Reng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurootol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(94)90208-9","article-title":"TEM analysis of neural terminals on autoradiographically identified regenerated hair cells","volume":"72","author":"Ryals","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1121\/1.426948","article-title":"Evoked otoacoustic emissions arise by two fundamentally different mechanisms: a taxonomy for mammalian OAEs","volume":"105","author":"Shera","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(83)90048-5","article-title":"A quantitative light microscopic study of the bullfrog amphibian papilla tectorium: correlation with the tonotopic organization","volume":"11","author":"Shofner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R52","first-page":"184","article-title":"Anatomy, physiology, and function of auditory end-organs in the frog inner ear","volume-title":"Hearing and Sound Communication in Amphibians","author":"Simmons","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.15.2237","article-title":"Hair cells, hearing and hopping: a field guide to hair cell physiology in the frog","volume":"203","author":"Smotherman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R54","first-page":"3","article-title":"Tissue culture of the organ of Corti","volume":"502","author":"Sobkowicz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-5748(96)00104-9","article-title":"Cellular interactions as a response to injury in the organ of Corti in culture","volume":"15","author":"Sobkowicz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00251-3","article-title":"Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the tree frog Hyla cinerea","volume":"153","author":"van Dijk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1608957","article-title":"Physiological vulnerability of distortion product otoacoustic emissions from the amphibian ear","volume":"114","author":"van Dijk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2010.02.004","article-title":"Mechanics of the frog ear","volume":"273","author":"van Dijk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1811571","article-title":"Distortion product otoacoustic emissions provide clues hearing mechanisms in the frog ear","volume":"116","author":"Vassilakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01190467","article-title":"Patterns of hair cell survival and innervation in the cochlea of the bronx waltzer mouse","volume":"20","author":"Whitlon","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480050218636","article-title":"The reinnervation of regenerated hair cells in the basilar papilla of chicks after kanamycin ototoxicity","volume":"120","author":"Xiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3903-05.2006","article-title":"Regeneration of vestibular otolith afferents after ototoxic damage","volume":"26","author":"Zakir","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(85)90019-X","article-title":"Temporary threshold shift, adaptation, and recovery characteristics of frog auditory nerve fibers","volume":"17","author":"Zelick","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021042508341608800_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(99)00003-9","article-title":"Assessment of hearing in 80 inbred strains of mice by ABR threshold analyses","volume":"130","author":"Zheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hear. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/217\/9\/1626\/1882370\/1626.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.090092\/2037578\/jeb_090092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.090092\/2037578\/jeb_090092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T20:03:54Z","timestamp":1621368234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.090092\/257348\/Recovery-of-otoacoustic-emissions-after-high-level"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.090092","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9145","0022-0949"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1477-9145"},{"type":"print","value":"0022-0949"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"article-number":"jeb.090092"}}