{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:16:17Z","timestamp":1791119777532,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in lactate kinetics as a function of exercise intensity have never been measured in an ectotherm. Continuous infusion of tracer is necessary to quantify rates of lactate appearance (Ra) and disposal (Rd), but it requires double catheterization that could interfere with swimming. Using rainbow trout, our goals were: (1) to determine the potential effects of catheters and blood sampling on metabolic rate (MO2), total cost of transport (TCOT), net cost of transport (NCOT), and critical swimming speed (Ucrit), and (2) to monitor changes in lactate fluxes during prolonged, steady-state swimming or graded swimming from rest to Ucrit. This athletic species maintains high baseline lactate fluxes of 24 \u03bcmol kg-1min-1 that are only increased at intensities &amp;gt;2.4 body lengths per s (BL s-1) or 85% Ucrit. As the fish reaches Ucrit, Ra lactate is more strongly stimulated (+67% to 40.4 \u03bcmol kg-1 min-1) than Rd lactate (+41% to 34.7 \u03bcmol kg-1 min-1), causing a 4-fold increase in blood lactate concentration. Without this stimulation of Rd during intense swimming, lactate accumulation would double. By contrast, steady-state exercise at 1.7 BL s-1 increases lactate fluxes to ~30 \u03bcmol kg-1 min-1, with a trivial mismatch between Ra and Rd that only affects blood concentration minimally. Results also show that the catheterizations and blood sampling needed to measure metabolite kinetics in exercising fish have no significant impact on MO2 or TCOT. However, these experimental procedures affect locomotion energetics by increasing NCOT at high speeds and by decreasing Ucrit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.091058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]],"date-time":"2013-09-13T01:11:38Z","timestamp":1379034698000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Lactate kinetics of rainbow trout during graded exercise: Do catheters affect the cost of transport?"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Teulier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teye","family":"Omlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042507130372700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.194.1.83","article-title":"Hydrodynamic aspects of design and attachment of a back-mounted device in penguins","volume":"194","author":"Bannasch","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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