{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T08:35:59Z","timestamp":1758702959159,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The influence of swimming activity on gill paracellular permeability has not been measured previously in fishes. We critically assessed the use of [3H]PEG-4000 for this purpose, a substance which is also a classic marker for extracellular fluid volume, glomerular filtration rate, and drinking rate. Tests (8h) on resting freshwater trout showed that when measuring [3H]PEG-4000 clearance from the plasma in the efflux direction, correction for a large excretion via glomerular filtration was essential, necessitating urinary catheterization. When measuring [3H]PEG-4000 clearance from the water in the influx direction, correction for a significant uptake by drinking was essential, necessitating terminal gut removal, whereas glomerular filtration losses were minimal. After correction for these alternate routes of loss and uptake, [3H]PEG-4000 clearance rates by efflux from the plasma and by influx from the water were identical, showing that gill paracellular permeability is not rectified, and can be measured in either direction. The influx technique with terminal gut removal was used to assess gill paracellular permeability in trout without urinary catheters freely swimming at 1.2 body lengths per sec for 8h. Branchial [3H]PEG-4000 clearance rate (by influx from the water) increased significantly by about 80% in accord with a similar measured increase in O2 consumption rate. Thus in trout, gill paracellular permeability does increase during exercise, in accord with the traditional concept of the osmorespiratory compromise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.099879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T04:40:56Z","timestamp":1389933656000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Measuring gill paracellular permeability with polyethelene glycol-4000 in freely swimming trout: proof of principle"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris M.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042508324208100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1139\/f89-050","article-title":"Impact of diet on metabolism and swimming performance in juvenile lake trout Salvelinus namaycush","volume":"46","author":"Beamish","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.64.2.369","article-title":"The unreliability of mammalian glomerular markers in teleostean renal studies","volume":"64","author":"Beyenbach","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R3","first-page":"403","article-title":"Appendix: Physicochemical parameters for use in fish respiratory physiology","volume-title":"Fish Physiology","author":"Boutilier","year":"1984"},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.04.023","article-title":"Effect of cortisol on permeability and tight junction protein transcript abundance in primary cultured gill epithelia from stenohaline goldfish and euryhaline trout","volume":"172","author":"Chasiotis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2656.1999.00337.x","article-title":"Scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature in teleost fish","volume":"68","author":"Clarke","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.155.1.567","article-title":"The function of the urinary bladder in vivo in the freshwater rainbow trout","volume":"155","author":"Curtis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R7","first-page":"135","article-title":"Drinking in marine, euryhaline and freshwater teleost fish","volume-title":"Ionic Regulation in Animals","author":"Fuentes","year":"1997"},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.190.1.95","article-title":"The relationship between oxygen uptake and ion loss in fish from diverse habitats","volume":"190","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.163.1.317","article-title":"The relationship between oxygen consumption and ion loss in a freshwater fish","volume":"163","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1086\/587092","article-title":"The osmorespiratory compromise in sculpins: impaired gas exchange is associated with freshwater tolerance","volume":"81","author":"Henriksson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.82.1.11","article-title":"The effect of increased metabolic rate on renal function in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri","volume":"82","author":"Hofmann","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1086\/648566","article-title":"The ionoregulatory responses to hypoxia in the freshwater rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"83","author":"Iftikar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2011.05.001","article-title":"Strategies for maintaining Na+ balance in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during prolonged exposure to acidic water","volume":"160A","author":"Kumai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-012-0700-9","article-title":"Evidence for a role of tight junctions in regulating sodium permeability in zebrafish (Danio rerio) acclimated to ion-poor water","volume":"183","author":"Kwong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02265152","article-title":"Extracellular fluid volume measurements in tissues of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in vivo and their effects on intracellular pH and ion calculations","volume":"9","author":"Munger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.198.2.295","article-title":"Mechanisms of Na+ and Cl\u2212 regulation in freshwater-adapted rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during exercise and stress","volume":"198","author":"Postlethwaite","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(72)90017-5","article-title":"The relationship between gas and ion transfer across the gills of fishes","volume":"41A","author":"Randall","year":"1972","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01130","article-title":"Intraspecific divergence of ionoregulatory physiology in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus: possible mechanisms of freshwater adaptation","volume":"207","author":"Scott","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-406X(69)92011-8","article-title":"The role of the intestine in salinity adaptation of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri","volume":"30","author":"Shehadeh","year":"1969","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2006.02.006","article-title":"Plasticity of respiratory structures \u2013 adaptive remodeling of fish gills induced by ambient oxygen and temperature","volume":"154","author":"Sollid","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1139\/f72-033","article-title":"Changes in body weight caused by handling and exercise in fish","volume":"29","author":"Stevens","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Fish. Res. Board Can."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.199.10.2331","article-title":"Intestinal base excretion in the seawater-adapted rainbow trout: a role in acid-base balance?","volume":"199","author":"Wilson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1963)25[135:PSFFT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Physiological salines for fresh-water teleosts","volume":"25","author":"Wolf","year":"1963","journal-title":"Progressive Fish-Culturist"},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.6.1047","article-title":"Cultured branchial epithelia from freshwater fish gills","volume":"200","author":"Wood","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R25","first-page":"127","article-title":"Methods for assessing kidney and urinary bladder function in fish","volume-title":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes","author":"Wood","year":"1994"},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00694237","article-title":"The influence of swimming activity on sodium balance in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","volume":"82","author":"Wood","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00694238","article-title":"Sodium balance in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) during extended exercise","volume":"82","author":"Wood","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00694239","article-title":"The influence of swimming activity on water balance in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","volume":"82","author":"Wood","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042508324208100_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.028464","article-title":"Regulation of gill transcellular permeability and renal function during acute hypoxia in the Amazonian oscar (Astronotus ocellatus): new angles to the osmorespiratory compromise","volume":"212","author":"Wood","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/217\/9\/1425\/1884273\/1425.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.099879\/2037409\/jeb_099879.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.099879\/2037409\/jeb_099879.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T23:35:28Z","timestamp":1648078528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.099879\/257480\/Measuring-gill-paracellular-permeability-with"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.099879","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9145","0022-0949"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1477-9145"},{"type":"print","value":"0022-0949"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"article-number":"jeb.099879"}}