{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:09:17Z","timestamp":1791212957431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,1]],"date-time":"1982-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":402278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Muscular exercise imposes the most potent sustained stress to cellular energetics. At work rates below the anaerobic threshold (i.e. no sustained lactic acidosis), the ventilatory and cardiovascular responses regulate arterial , [H+] and at or close to their resting levels in the steady state. However, dynamic forcing and systems-analytic techniques reveal two phases of the non-steady-state response dynamics. In the first phase, increased gas flow to the lungs results solely from increased pulmonary blood flow , with alveolar gas tensions being maintained at their resting levels by a coupled increase in ventilation : evidence for cardiopulmonary coupling being provided by experimentally-altered in man and dog. Arterial chemoreception does not impose humoral feedback control in this phase. Rather, rapid feedforward mechanisms operate, with both intrathoracic (largely cardiac) and exercising-limb mechanoreception proposed as afferent sources. In the second phase, cardiogenic gas flow to the lungs is augmented by altered mixed venous blood gas contents ; ventilation responding exponentially with a time constant (\u03c4) which is an inverse function of carotid body gain. The close dynamic coupling of with CO2 output in this phase results in arterial and [H+] being maintained close to their resting levels. However, the kinetic dissociation between and O2 uptake, with , leads to an appreciable transient fall of arterial . The respiratory compensation for the sustained lactic acidosis at higher work rates is predominantly mediated by the carotid bodies in man: the aortic bodies subserving no discernible role. Control of the respiratory and circulatory responses to exercise is therefore mediated by both neural and humoral mechanisms : and an important control link appears to couple the responses, via feedforward ventilatory control of cardiac origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.100.1.175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T21:29:20Z","timestamp":1619299760000},"page":"175-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Cardiopulmonary Coupling During Exercise"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Whipp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Physiology and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, UCLA School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90024"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051109544157900_JEXBIO_100_1_175C1","volume-title":"Textbook of Work Physiology. 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