{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:31:10Z","timestamp":1782513070227,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Fish sounds are an important biological component of the underwater soundscape. Understanding species-specific sounds and their associated behaviour is critical for determining how animals use the biological component of the soundscape. Using both field and laboratory experiments, we describe the sound production of a nocturnal planktivore, Pempheris adspersa (New Zealand bigeye), and provide calculations for the potential effective distance of the sound for intraspecific communication. Bigeye vocalisations recorded in the field were confirmed as such by tank recordings. They can be described as popping sounds, with individual pops of short duration (7.9\u00b10.3\u2005ms) and a peak frequency of 405\u00b112\u2005Hz. Sound production varied during a 24\u2005h period, with peak vocalisation activity occurring during the night, when the fish are most active. The source level of the bigeye vocalisation was 115.8\u00b10.2\u2005dB re. 1\u2005\u00b5Pa at 1\u2005m, which is relatively quiet compared with other soniferous fish. Effective calling range, or active space, depended on both season and lunar phase, with a maximum calling distance of 31.6\u2005m and a minimum of 0.6\u2005m. The bigeyes' nocturnal behaviour, characteristics of their vocalisation, source level and the spatial scale of its active space reported in the current study demonstrate the potential for fish vocalisations to function effectively as contact calls for maintaining school cohesion in darkness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.115295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,24]],"date-time":"2015-01-24T05:23:09Z","timestamp":1422076989000},"page":"940-948","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Vocalisations of the bigeye <i>Pempheris adspersa<\/i>: characteristics, source level and active space"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Radford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahriman","family":"Ghazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand"},{"name":"Marine Ecosystem Research Centre (EKOMAR) and School of Environment and Natural Resources, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Jeffs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021052800094907300_JEB115295C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1515799","article-title":"Empirical refinements applicable to the recording of fish sounds in small tanks","volume":"112","author":"Akamatsu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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