{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T21:09:25Z","timestamp":1761340165748},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]],"date-time":"1986-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":531187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mandibular saliva was collected at eight flow rates ranging between 0\u00b7052 \u00b1 0\u00b70059 (S.E. of mean) and 4\u00b7294 \u00b1 0\u00b70717 ml min\u22121 from anaesthetized red kangaroos receiving ipsilateral intracarotid infusions of acetylcholine. The concentrations of sodium (4\u00b704 \u00b1 0\u00b7759 to 75\u00b79 \u00b1 4\u00b764 mmol 1\u22121) and chloride (51\u00b72\u00b12\u00b746 to 85\u00b70 \u00b1 6\u00b790 mmol 1\u22121) and the osmolality (99\u00b77\u00b14\u00b788 to 178\u00b79 \u00b1 13\u00b750 mosmol kg \u2018) were positively correlated with salivary flow rate over most or all of the flow range, whereas the concentrations of potassium (50\u00b73 \u00b12\u00b703 to 19-7 \u00b13\u00b716mmol 1\u22121), calcium (5\u00b743 \u00b1 1\u00b7696 to 1\u00b726 \u00b1 0\u00b7055 mmol 1\u22121), magnesium (259\u00b78 \u00b149\u00b73 to 19\u00b70 \u00b1 1\u00b788 \u03bcmoll\u22121), hydrogen ions (457\u00b77 \u00b1 107\u00b73 to 69\u00b73 \u00b1 5\u00b764 nmol 1\u22121) and phosphate (2\u00b722 \u00b1 0\u00b7171 to 0\u00b727 \u00b1 0\u00b7040 mmol 1\u22121) were negatively correlated with flow rate. Salivary bicarbonate concentration (15\u00b76 \u00b1 1\u00b776 to 2\u00b719 \u00b1 l\u00b783mmoll\u22121) showed little flow dependency except possibly at high levels of stimulation. Spontaneous secretion was not observed during anaesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>During continuous stimulation of flow at two rates (0\u00b75 and 2\u00b70 ml min\u22121) for periods of 90 min, rest transients were observed for sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and phosphate in the initial sample and the sodium concentration rose by 17\u00b756 % during the first 60 min of steady-state flow and stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Indications that the gland was capable of responding rapidly to changes in endogenous mineralocorticoid levels were confirmed by intracarotid infusion of aldosterone at 80\u03bcgh\u22121. With the mean salivary flow rate lying between 1\u00b73 and 1\u00b74 ml min\u22121, the salivary Na+\/K+ ratio began to fall at 45-60 min of aldosterone infusion and after 4h of infusion had fallen to 0\u00b762 \u00b10\u00b7116. Administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) for 21 days at 0\u00b725 or 0\u00b73mgkg\u2212112h\u22121 caused a further lowering of the Na+\/K+ ratio to 0\u00b709 \u00b1 0\u00b7013 at similar flow rates. Biopsy showed this increase to be associated with a moderate level of hypertrophy of the intralobular ducts of the gland. Two types of intralobular duct were identified on the basis of glycogen granulation after DOCA administration.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>It was concluded that the mandibular gland of the red kangaroo, with its high secretory capacity, its responsiveness to low levels of mineralocorticoids and its saliva being essentially a markedly hypotonic sodium\/potassium chloride solution, is functionally better adapted to act as the primary source of saliva used as an external coolant than is the parotid gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.126.1.315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T02:29:30Z","timestamp":1619317770000},"page":"315-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of flow rate, duration of stimulation and mineralocorticoids on the electrolyte concentrations of mandibular saliva from the red kangaroo (<i>Macropus rufus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"A. M.","family":"Beal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales School of Zoology , , PO Box 1, Kensington, NSW 2003, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011406044246200_JEXBIO_126_1_315C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/13.4.326","article-title":"Microdetermination of inorganic phosphate, phospholipids and total phosphate in biological materials","volume":"13","author":"Baginski","year":"1967","journal-title":"Clin. Chem"},{"key":"2023011406044246200_JEXBIO_126_1_315C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.111.1.225","article-title":"Electrolyte composition of parotid saliva from sodium-replete red kangaroos (Macropus rufus)","volume":"111","author":"Beal","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. exp. 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