{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T23:56:09Z","timestamp":1711238169803},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]],"date-time":"1986-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":531187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Clavicular air sac pressure, arterial blood gases and pH, and rectal temperature were measured in treadmill-exercised cockerels breathing air, 10% O2 in N2 or a mixture of 10 % O2\/3 % CO2 in N2. Air sac pressures were used to estimate changes in the rate and the relative depth of breathing. In air-breathing conditions exercise took place at two intensities corresponding to treadmill speeds of 3\u00b72 and 5\u00b70 km h\u22121, respectively. Rectal temperature increased by 0\u00b75\u00b0C but there was no sign of thermal hyperventilation and arterial remained constant. Increased ventilation was mainly brought about by changes in respiratory rate, with relatively small increases in depth. During exercise at 3\u00b72kmh\u22121 inhalation of 10% O2 in N2 produced a 35 % increase in ventilation and breathing became faster and shallower. Arterial fell by 3\u20134 Torr, apparently as a result of lung hyperventilation. Addition of 3 % CO2 to the hypoxic gas restored normal arterial and reversed the trend to polypneic breathing. However, it failed to produce an exact matching of respiratory characteristics with those observed during isocapnic exercise hyperpnea. It is concluded that rapid, shallow breathing during hypocapnic hypoxia in running birds serves as a mechanism to minimize lung hyperventilation and CO2 washout. This reflex, which may stem from the intrapulmonary CO2 receptors, occurs in the face of a severe hypoxic challenge. Failure to match respiratory characteristics during isocapnic hypoxia and isocapnic exercise may be due to an inibitory effect of the inhaled CO2 on these receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.126.1.423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T02:30:20Z","timestamp":1619317820000},"page":"423-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Blood gases and respiratory pattern in exercising fowl: comparison in normoxic and hypoxic conditions"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"J. H.","family":"Brackenbury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Sub-Department of Veterinary Anatomy , , Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QS"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011406043635500_JEXBIO_126_1_423C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(79)90071-9","article-title":"O2-chemoreflex drive of ventilation in awake birds at rest","volume":"37","author":"Bouverot","year":"1979","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol"},{"key":"2023011406043635500_JEXBIO_126_1_423C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(73)90511-2","article-title":"Respiratory mechanics in the bird","volume":"44A","author":"Brackenbury","year":"1973","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. 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