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In this study, we examined whether their semi-aquatic lifestyle and ambush hunting mode are reflected in specific adaptations in the peripheral visual system. Design-based stereology and microspectrophotometry were used to assess spatial resolving power and spectral sensitivity of saltwater (Crocodylus porosus) and freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni). Both species possess a foveal streak that spans the naso-temporal axis and mediates high spatial acuity across the central visual field. The saltwater crocodile and freshwater crocodile have a peak spatial resolving power of 8.8 and 8.0\u00a0cycles\u00a0deg\u22121, respectively. Measurement of the outer segment dimensions and spectral absorbance revealed five distinct photoreceptor types consisting of three single cones, one twin cone and a rod. The three single cones (saltwater\/freshwater crocodile) are violet (424\/426\u2005nm \u03bbmax), green (502\/510\u2005nm \u03bbmax) and red (546\/554\u2005nm \u03bbmax) sensitive, indicating the potential for trichromatic colour vision. The visual pigments of both members of the twin cones have the same \u03bbmax as the red-sensitive single cone and the rod has a \u03bbmax at 503\/510\u2005nm (saltwater\/freshwater). The \u03bbmax values of all types of visual pigment occur at longer wavelengths in the freshwater crocodile compared with the saltwater crocodile. Given that there is a greater abundance of long wavelength light in freshwater compared with a saltwater environment, the photoreceptors would be more effective at detecting light in their respective habitats. This suggests that the visual systems of both species are adapted to the photic conditions of their respective ecological niche.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.135673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]],"date-time":"2016-05-05T10:24:18Z","timestamp":1462443858000},"page":"1394-1404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Spatial resolving power and spectral sensitivity of the saltwater crocodile, <i>Crocodylus porosus<\/i>, and the freshwater crocodile, <i>Crocodylus johnstoni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Nagloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia"},{"name":"The Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun P.","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia"},{"name":"The Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan M.","family":"Hemmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia"},{"name":"The Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan S.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia"},{"name":"The Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042510562498800_JEB135673C1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Physiologische Beobachtungen am Auge der Krokodile","author":"Abelsdorff","year":"1898","journal-title":"Arch. 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