{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:40:29Z","timestamp":1787496029614,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]],"date-time":"1988-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":583718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As is common for amphibians, the sphincter pupillae of the axolotl contracts in vitro in response to illumination with visible light.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In a comparison of photomechanical responses of albino and normally pigmented axolotls, similar time courses and maxima of force development were found. The dependence of isometric active force development on the length of the sphincter pupillae is similar to that of other smooth muscles. The action spectrum of the axolotl is similar to the absorption spectrum of frog rhodopsin. At low stimulus strengths, the increase of normalized, isometric, active force with increasing stimulus strength is approximately seven times as great in albino axolotls as in normally pigmented ones. Melanin appears to decrease the light sensitivity of the irises of normally pigmented animals by acting as a simple light shield.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.137.1.589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T23:00:09Z","timestamp":1619305209000},"page":"589-596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hypersensitivity to Light of the Iris (Sphincter Pupillae) of the Albino Axolotl (\n                    <i>Ambystoma Mexicanum<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Lloyd","family":"Barr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Can the response of the iris to light be used to break the code of the second cranial nerve in man?","volume-title":"In Pupillary Dynamics and Behavior","author":"Alpern","year":"1975"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C2","first-page":"95","article-title":"The ultrastructure and biophysics of smooth muscle","volume-title":"In The Biological Basis of Medicine","author":"Barr","year":"1969"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.46.6.1249","article-title":"Photosensitivity of the frog iris","volume":"46","author":"Barr","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. gen. Physiol"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(75)90034-1","article-title":"Photoactivation of pupillary constriction in the isolated in vitro iris of a mammal (Mesocricetus auratus)","volume":"50A","author":"Bito","year":"1975","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C5","volume-title":"Photoreceptors: their role in vision","author":"Fein","year":"1982"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.97049","article-title":"Zur Lichtreaktion der isolierten Froschiris","volume":"76","author":"Glaus-Most","year":"1969","journal-title":"Rev. suisse Zool"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-11-03081.1985","article-title":"Light-evoked contraction of the photosensitive iris of the frog","volume":"5","author":"Kargacin","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurosci"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1971.220.6.2000","article-title":"Some mechanical properties of cat intestinal muscle","volume":"220","author":"Meiss","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C9","first-page":"325","article-title":"Mechanics of smooth muscle. In Handbook of Physiology, Sectio. 2, The Cardiovascular System","volume-title":"Vascular Smooth Muscle","author":"Murphy","year":"1980"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp008001","article-title":"S-potentials from colour units in the retina of fish (Cyprinidae)","volume":"185","author":"Naka","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Physiol., Lond"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C11","first-page":"265","article-title":"Physical properties of contractile systems","volume-title":"In Methods in Pharmacology","author":"Stephens","year":"1975"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271679","article-title":"Quantinative Beziehungen zwischen Lichtreiz und Kontraktion des Musculus sphincter pupillae vom Scheibenzungler (Discoglossus pictus)","volume":"1","author":"von Campenhausen","year":"1963","journal-title":"Kybernetik"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00162600","article-title":"The photochemistry of vision","volume":"3","author":"Wald","year":"1949","journal-title":"Doc. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023011714263998800_JEXBIO_137_1_589C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688109019967","article-title":"A search for the photoreceptor in the photosensitive irises of normally pigmented and albino hamsters (Merocricetus auratus)","volume":"1","author":"Zucker","year":"1981","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/137\/1\/589\/2448327\/jexbio_137_1_589.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/137\/1\/589\/2448327\/jexbio_137_1_589.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T09:29:17Z","timestamp":1673947757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/137\/1\/589\/5900\/Hypersensitivity-to-Light-of-the-Iris-Sphincter"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.137.1.589","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]}}}