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We investigated whether the older human Achilles tendon (AT) demonstrates mechanosensitivity (via biomechanical and morphological adaptations) in response to long-term mechanical loading. Thirty-four female adults (60\u201375\u2005years) were allocated to either a medium-term (14\u2005weeks; N=21) high AT strain cyclic loading exercise intervention or a control group (N=13), with 12 participants continuing with the intervention for 1.5\u2005years. AT biomechanical properties were assessed using ultrasonography and dynamometry. Tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) was investigated by means of magnetic resonance imaging. A 22% exercise-related increment in ankle plantarflexion joint moment, along with increased AT stiffness (598.2\u00b1141.2 versus 488.4\u00b1136.9\u2005N\u2005mm\u22121 at baseline), Young's modulus (1.63\u00b10.46 versus 1.37\u00b10.39\u2005GPa at baseline) and about 6% hypertrophy along the entire free AT were identified after 14\u2005weeks of strength training, with no further improvement after 1.5\u2005years of intervention. The aging AT appears to be capable of increasing its stiffness in response to 14\u2005weeks of mechanical loading exercise by changing both its material and dimensional properties. Continuing exercise seems to maintain, but not cause further adaptive changes in tendons, suggesting that the adaptive time\u2013response relationship of aging tendons subjected to mechanical loading is nonlinear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.146407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]],"date-time":"2017-03-15T21:30:14Z","timestamp":1489613414000},"page":"1008-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The Achilles tendon is mechanosensitive in older adults: adaptations following 14\u2005weeks versus 1.5\u2005years of cyclic strain exercise"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"220","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7241-1533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaspar","family":"Epro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Mierau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Doerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian A.","family":"Luetkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Scheef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido M.","family":"Kukuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Boecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinos N.","family":"Maganaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert-Peter","family":"Br\u00fcggemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiros","family":"Karamanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042512004612600_JEB146407C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.04.020","article-title":"Assessment of muscle volume and physiological cross-sectional area of the human triceps surae muscle in vivo","volume":"41","author":"Albracht","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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