{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:50:06Z","timestamp":1787021406879,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS23684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS23684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>The neural circuits underlying divergent courtship behaviors of closely related species provide a framework for insight into the evolution of motor patterns. In frogs, male advertisement calls serve as unique species identifiers and females prefer conspecific to heterospecific calls. Advertisement calls of three relatively recently (\u223c8.5mya) diverged species - Xenopus laevis, X. petersii and X. victorianus - include rapid trains of sound pulses (fast trills). We show that while fast trills are similar in pulse rate (\u223c60 pulses\/second) across the 3 species, they differ in call duration and period (time from onset of call to the onset of the following call). Previous studies of call production in X. laevis used an isolated brain preparation in which the laryngeal nerve produces compound action potentials that correspond to the advertisement call pattern (fictive calling). Here, we show that serotonin evokes fictive calling in X. petersii and X victorianus as it does in X. laevis. As in X. laevis, fictive fast trill in X. petersii and X victorianus is accompanied by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent local field potential wave in a rostral hindbrain nucleus, DTAM. Across the three species, wave duration and period are strongly correlated with species-specific fast trill duration and period, respectively. When DTAM is isolated from the more rostral forebrain and midbrain and\/or more caudal laryngeal motor nucleus, the wave persists at species-typical durations and periods. Thus, intrinsic differences within DTAM could be responsible for the evolutionary divergence of call patterns across these related species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.146845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]],"date-time":"2016-12-23T21:21:19Z","timestamp":1482528079000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evolution of vocal patterns: tuning hindbrain circuits during species divergence"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Charlotte L.","family":"Barkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Zornik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4736-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darcy B.","family":"Kelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042512034289700_JEB146845C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2015.06.010","article-title":"Testing the evolutionary conservation of vocal motoneurons in vertebrates","volume":"224","author":"Albersheim-Carter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir. 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