{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:25:25Z","timestamp":1791318325786,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]],"date-time":"1989-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":625881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study tests the hypothesis that catecholamines regulate glucose availability during hypoxia in the rainbow trout by activating glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) while inhibiting pyruvate kinase (PK) in the liver. The net result would be an increase in liver glycogenolysis and a reduction of glycolysis and\/or enhancement of gluconeogenesis. We used the criteria of Stalmans &amp; Hers (1975) and report much lower resting percent GPase a (active) values (20\u201330%) than those previously published. Dorsal aortic injections of epinephrine or norepinephrine increased plasma glucose (16\u201346%), had no effect on liver or muscle glycogen levels, decreased the activity of PK, and increased total and percent GPase a activities. Pre-treatment with the \u03b2-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol eliminated these effects. During moderate hypoxia, plasma glucose remained unchanged, while lactate levels increased fourfold. When fish were pre-treated with propranolol, hypoxia depressed plasma glucose levels (\u221226%), total and percent GPase a, and increased PK activity, suggesting that hypoxia mediated the dephosphorylation of these enzymes. We conclude that catecholamines stimulate hepatic \u03b2-adrenoreceptors during hypoxia and sustain plasma glucose levels by nullifying the deleterious effects of hypoxia on metabolic function. The specific metabolic consequences of these catecholamine-mediated effects are an increase in the activity of the active form of GPase and a reduction in PK activity, which suggests an activation of glycogenolysis and an inhibition of glycolysis and\/or activation of gluconeogenesis, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.147.1.169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T02:51:39Z","timestamp":1619319099000},"page":"169-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Regulation of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis By Catecholamines in Rainbow Trout During Environmental Hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa Department of Biology , , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIN 6N5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve F.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa Department of Biology , , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIN 6N5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa Department of Biology , , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIN 6N5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023022810053861700_","volume-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis","author":"Bergmeyer","year":"1974"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.231.1.191","article-title":"Hormone-stimulated glycogenolysis isolated goldfish hepatocytes","volume":"231","author":"Birnbaum","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(88)90116-8","article-title":"Acute exposure to graded levels of hypoxia in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri: metabolic and respiratory adaptations","volume":"71","author":"Boutilier","year":"1988","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(87)90032-3","article-title":"Catecholamine effect on cyclic adenosine 3 \u20325 \u2032-monophosphate level in isolated catfish hepatocytes","volume":"68","author":"Brighenti","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gen. comp. Endocr"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(87)90239-5","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in catecholamine effect on glycogenolysis in catfish h\u00e9patocytes","volume":"66","author":"Brighenti","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gen. comp. Endocr"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00799042","article-title":"The effect of long term, moderate hypoxia on acid-base balance, plasma catecholamines and possible anaerobic end products in the unrestrained dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula","volume":"132","author":"Butler","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. comp. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(83)91025-X","article-title":"Desalting protein solutions in a centrifuge column","volume":"91","author":"Christopherson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(78)90285-X","article-title":"Elevation of plasma glucose levels by catecholamines in elasmobranch fish","volume":"34","author":"Deroos","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gen. comp. Endocr"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1139\/z87-179","article-title":"Turnover rates of glucose and lactate in rainbow trout during acute hypoxia","volume":"65","author":"Dunn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R269","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1987.252.3.C269","article-title":"Role of adrenergic-dependent H+ release from red cells in acidosis induced by hypoxia in trout","volume":"252","author":"Fievet","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402120213","article-title":"A study of the catalytic properties of pyruvate kinase isozymes from salmon and an examination of their functional relationships","volume":"212","author":"Guderley","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. exp. Zool"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1139\/z78-117","article-title":"Pyruvate kinase from the liver and kidney of Arapaima gigas","volume":"56","author":"Guderley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1980.60.1.1","article-title":"Control of hepatic glycogenolysis","volume":"60","author":"Hems","year":"1980","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(83)90211-3","article-title":"Hormonal control of glycogenolysis and the mechanism of action of adrenaline in amphibian liver in vitro","volume":"49","author":"Janssens","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gen. comp. Endocr"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1090075","article-title":"Calcium-independent stimulation of glycogenolysis by arginine vasotocin and catecholamines in liver of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) in vitro","volume":"109","author":"Janssens","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","first-page":"R653","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of hepatic glycogenolysis in the carp, Cyprinus carpi\u00f3","volume":"252","author":"Janssens","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2841758","article-title":"From epinephrine to cyclic AMP","volume":"241","author":"Levitzki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","first-page":"49","article-title":"Adrenergic responses to stress in fish","volume-title":"In Stress in Fish","author":"Mazeaud","year":"1985"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(88)90094-9","article-title":"Interactive effects of catecholamines and hypercapnia on glucose production in isolated trout hepatocytes","volume":"70","author":"Mommsen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gen. comp. Endocr"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","article-title":"Changes in peptide hormones and liver enzymes in the rainbow trout deprived of food for six weeks","volume-title":"Can. J. Zool.","author":"Moon","year":"1989"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","first-page":"291","article-title":"Regulatory properties of pyruvate kinases isolated from tissues of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata le sueur","volume":"65B","author":"Moon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402480111","article-title":"Effects of in vivo beta adrenoceptor blockade on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in rainbow trout","volume":"248","author":"Moon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp. Zool"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","first-page":"543","article-title":"Hormonal effects on the liver glucose metabolism in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","volume":"72B","author":"Morata","year":"1982","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","first-page":"403","article-title":"Review of the comparative biochemistry of pyruvate kinase","volume":"67B","author":"Munday","year":"1980","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1139\/f67-140","article-title":"Catecholamine and carbohydrate concentrations in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in relation to physical disturbance","volume":"24","author":"Nakano","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Fish Res. Bd Can"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(84)90007-8","article-title":"Epinephrine effects on carbohydrate metabolism in catfish (Jctalurus m\u00ealas)","volume":"55","author":"Ottolenghi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gen. comp. Endocr"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","first-page":"285","article-title":"Glucagon control of glycogenolysis in catfish tissue","volume":"90B","author":"Ottolenghi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(85)90373-9","article-title":"Epinephrine effect on carbohydrate metabolism in isolated and perfused catfish liver","volume":"59","author":"Ottolenghi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gen. comp. Endocr"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","first-page":"469","article-title":"Epinephrine effect on glycogen phosphorylase activity in catfish liver and muscle","volume":"61","author":"Ottolenghi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gen. comp. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.128.1.235","article-title":"The effects of prolonged epinephrine infusion on the physiology of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. I. Blood respiratory, ionic and acid-base states","volume":"128","author":"Perry","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(88)90036-6","article-title":"Metabolic consequences of hypercapnia in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri: \u03b2-adrenergic effects","volume":"69","author":"Perry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gen. comp. Endocr"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402430202","article-title":"Hormonal control of gluconeogenesis in rainbow trout: regulatory role of pyruvate kinase","volume":"243","author":"Petersen","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. exp. Zool"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.57.070188.003543","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis","volume":"57","author":"Pilkis","year":"1988","journal-title":"A. Rev. Biochem"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691013","article-title":"Role of covalent modification in the control of glycolytic enzymes in response to environmental anoxia in goldfish","volume":"157B","author":"Rahman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. comp. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(85)90632-0","article-title":"Dephosphorylation of L-pyruvate kinase during rat liver hepatocyte isolation","volume":"236","author":"Riou","year":"1985","journal-title":"Archs Biochem. Biophys"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","first-page":"247","article-title":"Plasma catecholamines and glucose during moderate exercise in the trout: Comparison with bursts of violent activity","volume":"44","author":"Ristori","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp. Biol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(78)90038-5","article-title":"Elimination of stress-induced changes in carbohydrate metabolism of goldfish (Carassius auratus) by training","volume":"60A","author":"Rush","year":"1978","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","first-page":"401","article-title":"The effect of fructose 1,6 diphosphate on pyruvate kinase from the liver of the flounder (Platichthys flesus L","volume":"90B","author":"Sand","year":"1988","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","first-page":"11","article-title":"Improved method of dorsal aorta catheterization: haematological effects followed for three weeks in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","volume":"1","author":"Soivio","year":"1972","journal-title":"Finn. Fish. Res"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1100395","article-title":"The effect of temperature on catalytic and regulatory functions of pyruvate kinases of rainbow trout and the antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii","volume":"110","author":"Somero","year":"1968","journal-title":"Biochem. J"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1975.tb04144.x","article-title":"The stimulation of liver phosphorylase b by AMP, fluoride and sulfate","volume":"54","author":"Stalmans","year":"1975","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00700988","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic control of blood oxygen affinity in acutely hypoxia exposed rainbow trout","volume":"157B","author":"Tetens","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. comp. Physiol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(74)90050-1","article-title":"The effect of pancreatic hormones, catecholamines and glucose loading on blood metabolites in northern pike (Exos lucius L","volume":"23","author":"Thorpe","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gen. comp. Endocr"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00692734","article-title":"Adrenergic involvement in blood oxygen transport and acid-base balance during hypercapnic acidosis in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri","volume":"158","author":"Vermette","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1963)25[135:PSFFT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Physiological salines for fresh water teleosts","volume":"25","author":"Wolf","year":"1963","journal-title":"Progve Fish Cult"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1982.tb02848.x","article-title":"Plasma catecholamines in resting rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson by high pressure liquid chromatography","volume":"21","author":"Woodward","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol"},{"key":"2023022810053861700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)65910-1","article-title":"The relationship of epinephrine and glucagon to liver phosphorylase II enzymatic inactivation of liver phosphorylase","volume":"218","author":"Wosilait","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. biol. Chem"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/147\/1\/169\/2548938\/jexbio_147_1_169.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/147\/1\/169\/2548938\/jexbio_147_1_169.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T10:05:44Z","timestamp":1677578744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/147\/1\/169\/5730\/Regulation-of-Hepatic-Gluconeogenesis-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.147.1.169","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]}}}