{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T11:32:32Z","timestamp":1773660752617,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["227993-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["227993-2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Stress alters the ability to form, recall and maintain memory according to the Yerkes\u2013Dodson\/Hebb (YDH) law. The effects of environmentally relevant stressors, such as low environmental calcium and crowding, on learning and memory have previously been described in a laboratory-reared \u2018average\u2019 strain of Lymnaea stagnalis (i.e. the Dutch strain) as well as two strains of freshly collected L. stagnalis with enhanced memory formation abilities (i.e. \u2018smart\u2019 snails). Here, we use L. stagnalis to study the effects of other environmentally relevant stressors on memory formation in two other strains of freshly collected snails, one \u2018smart\u2019 and one \u2018average\u2019. The stressors we examined are thermal, resource restriction combined with food odour, predator detection and, for the first time, tissue injury (shell damage). We show that the same stressor has significantly different effects on memory formation depending on whether snails are \u2018smart\u2019 or \u2018average\u2019. Specifically, our data suggest that a stressor or a combination of stressors act to enhance memory in \u2018average\u2019 snails but obstruct memory formation in \u2018smart\u2019 snails. These results are consistent with the YDH law and our hypothesis that \u2018smart\u2019 snails are more easily stressed than \u2018average\u2019 snails.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.149161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T13:54:02Z","timestamp":1494510842000},"page":"891-899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Strain-specific differences of the effects of stress on memory in <i>Lymnaea<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamila","family":"Shymansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Swinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9028-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai S.","family":"Lukowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cayley","family":"Swinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sunada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Protheroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Lukowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042512035750500_JEB149161C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2307\/1542339","article-title":"Predation risk and avoidance behavior in two freshwater snails","volume":"180","author":"Alexander","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biol. 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