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The timing of host behaviour change coincides with the development of infectivity of the parasite to the final host (a piscivorous bird), making it an ideal model for studying the mechanisms of infection-induced behavioural modification. However, whether the loss of host anti-predator behaviour results from direct manipulation by the parasite, or is a by-product (e.g. host immune response) or side-effect of infection (e.g. energetic loss), remains controversial. To understand the physiological mechanisms that generate these behavioural changes, we quantified the behavioural profiles of experimentally infected fish and attempted to replicate these in non-parasitized fish by exposing them to treatments including immunity activation and fasting, or by pharmacologically inhibiting the stress axis. All fish were screened for the following behaviours: activity, water depth preference, sociability, phototaxis, anti-predator response and latency to feed. We were able to change individual behaviours with certain treatments. Our results suggest that the impact of S. solidus on the stickleback might be of a multifactorial nature. The behaviour changes observed in infected fish may be due to the combined effects of modifying the serotonergic axis, the lack of energy, and the activation of the immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.151456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T00:59:09Z","timestamp":1478221149000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Can the behaviour of threespine stickleback parasitized with <i>Schistocephalus solidus<\/i> be replicated by manipulating host physiology?"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Lucie","family":"Gr\u00e9cias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie et Institut de Biologie Int\u00e9grative et des Syst\u00e8mes (IBIS), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-Olivier","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie et Institut de Biologie Int\u00e9grative et des Syst\u00e8mes (IBIS), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chlo\u00e9 Suzanne","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie et Institut de Biologie Int\u00e9grative et des Syst\u00e8mes (IBIS), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9030-634X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Aubin-Horth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie et Institut de Biologie Int\u00e9grative et des Syst\u00e8mes (IBIS), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042512534212400_JEB151456C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.073601","article-title":"Parasites: evolution's neurobiologists","volume":"216","author":"Adamo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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