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However, by using a combination of morphological and experimental approaches, we visualised the ultrastructure of attachment devices of Ixodes ricinus and showed that this species adheres more strongly to smooth surfaces than to rough ones. Between paired, elongated, curved, elastic claws, I. ricinus bears a large, flexible, foldable adhesive pad, which represents an adaptation to adhesion on smooth surfaces. Accordingly, ticks attached strongest to glass and to surface profiles similar to those of the human skin, generating safety factors (attachment force relative to body weight) up to 534 (females). Considerably lower attachment force was found on silicone substrates and as a result of thanatosis after jolting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.152942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T21:31:08Z","timestamp":1496266268000},"page":"1984-1996","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Functional morphology of tarsal adhesive pads and attachment ability in ticks<i>Ixodes ricinus<\/i>(Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae)"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"220","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmar","family":"Voigt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1\u20139, Kiel D-24098, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Gorb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1\u20139, Kiel D-24098, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042511425911600_JEB152942C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2009.07.008","article-title":"Tarsal morphology and attachment ability to the codling moth Cydia pomonella L. 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