{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T17:30:01Z","timestamp":1774459801239,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004412","name":"HFSP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP0030\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP0030\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>At temperate latitudes, the annual cycle of day length synchronizes circannual rhythms, and, in mammals, this is mediated via nocturnal production of the pineal hormone melatonin, proportional to the length of the night. Here, we studied circannual synchronization in an arctic species, the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), which ceases to produce a rhythmic melatonin signal when it is exposed to extended periods of continuous midwinter darkness, and continuous midsummer light. Using food intake, antler growth and moult as endpoints, we demonstrate that when animals living at 70\u00b0N are transferred from natural photoperiods in late autumn to either continuous light or continuous darkness, they undergo a conspicuous acceleration of the circannual program. We conclude that rhythmical melatonin secretion, recommencing when the sun reappears late in January, is required for proper timing of spring physiological responses, through a delaying effect on the circannual programme set in motion during the preceding autumn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.163741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,2]],"date-time":"2017-09-02T00:20:29Z","timestamp":1504311629000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Waiting for the sun: The circannual program of reindeer is delayed by the recurrence of rhythmical melatonin secretion after the arctic night"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4884-8409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Hazlerigg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8 NO-9037, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnoldus Schytte","family":"Blix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8 NO-9037, Norway"},{"name":"St. Catharine's College, Cambridge CB2 1RL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl-Arne","family":"Stokkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8 NO-9037, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042523153559500_JEB163741C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01953051","article-title":"Mammalian pineal melatonin: a clock for all seasons","volume":"45","author":"Bartness","year":"1989","journal-title":"Experentia"},{"key":"2021042523153559500_JEB163741C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00903.x","article-title":"The timed infusion paradigm for melatonin delivery: What has it taught us about the melatonin signal, its reception, and the photoperiodic control of seasonal responses?","volume":"15","author":"Bartness","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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