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Fructose is a dispensable nutrient, yet its energy can be stored very efficiently owing to a rapid induction of intestinal fructose transporters and of splanchnic fructolytic and lipogenic enzymes by dietary fructose-containing caloric sweeteners. In addition, compared with fat or other dietary carbohydrates, fructose may be favored as an energy store because it uses different intestinal absorption mechanisms and different inter-organ trafficking pathways. These specific features make fructose an advantageous energy substrate in wild animals, mainly when consumed before periods of scarcity or high energy turnover such as migrations. These properties of fructose storage are also advantageous to humans who are involved in strenuous sport activities. In subjects with low physical activity, however, these same features of fructose metabolism may have the harmful effect of favoring energy overconsumption. Furthermore, a continuous exposure to high fructose intake associated with a low energy turnover leads to a chronic overproduction of intrahepatic trioses-phosphate production, which is secondarily responsible for the development of hepatic insulin resistance, intrahepatic fat accumulation, and increased blood triglyceride concentrations. In the long term, these effects may contribute to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.164202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T01:10:38Z","timestamp":1520471438000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Fructose-containing caloric sweeteners as a cause of obesity and metabolic disorders"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8469-4692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc","family":"Tappy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department, University of Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042523232347400_JEB164202C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711450789547X","article-title":"A high-fructose diet impairs basal and stress-mediated lipid metabolism in healthy male subjects","volume":"100","author":"Abdel-Sayed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. 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