{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:24:46Z","timestamp":1791134686043,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]],"date-time":"1993-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":725846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We have studied the comparative rheology of individual red blood cells from humans and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at their natural body temperatures. Trout red blood cells were large ellipsoids (about 16 \u00b5mX11.5 \u00b5mX2.5 \u00b5m) with a mean volume of 250 fl, a surface area of approximately 350 \u00b5m2 and an elongated nucleus of about 9 \u00b5mX5 \u00b5m. Although much larger than human red cells (diameter 8 \u00b5m, V=92 fl, A= 136 \u00b5m2), both theoretical calculation and experimental aspiration into micropipettes indicated that the limiting size of a cylindrical vessel that both types of cell could enter was approximately 3 \u00b5m. Nevertheless, individual trout red cells had much longer transit times through 5 \u00b5m filter pores and were much slower to enter 3\u20134 \u00b5m diameter micropipettes. Interestingly, the relative deformability of the trout cells depended on the pore size and applied pressure, with entry times for trout and human cells converging as pipette diameter increased. The relatively poor overall cellular deformability of the trout cells reflected their membrane rigidity (shear elastic modulus 4\u20135 times higher than that of human membrane), as well as their large size and the presence of a prominent nucleus. Capillary diameters in trout muscle are similar to those in the human microcirculation (about 3 \u00b5m), while systemic driving pressures are much lower. Therefore, either red cell deformability is a less critical circulatory parameter than has previously been thought, or the apparently disadvantageous blood rheology of trout is adequate because of the lower demand for tissue perfusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.174.1.109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T02:09:42Z","timestamp":1619316582000},"page":"109-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparative Rheology of Human and Trout Red Blood Cells"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Gerard B.","family":"Nash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham Department of Haematology and Department of Physiology , The Medical School , , Birmingham B15 2TT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Egginton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham Department of Haematology and Department of Physiology , The Medical School , , Birmingham B15 2TT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C1","first-page":"1","article-title":"White blood cell rheology. An intravital study in man","volume":"7","author":"Bagge","year":"1977","journal-title":"Adv. Microcirc"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/BIR-1973-10101","article-title":"The effect of temperature on the relative viscosity of human blood","volume":"10","author":"Barbee","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.22.3.405","article-title":"Distribution of size and shape in populations of normal human red cells","volume":"22","author":"Canham","year":"1968","journal-title":"Circ. Res"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4285-1_5","article-title":"Physiological and pathophysiological significance of hemorheology","volume-title":"Clinical Haemorheology","author":"Chien","year":"1987"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C5","volume-title":"Clinical Haemorheology","author":"Chien","year":"1987"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3233\/BIR-1971-8106","article-title":"Comparative hemorheology \u2013 hematological implications of species differences in blood viscosity","volume":"8","author":"Chien","year":"1971","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017618","article-title":"Effect of catecholamines on deformability of red cells from trout: relative roles of cyclic AMP and cell volume","volume":"412","author":"Chiocchia","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Physiol., Lond"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1983.sp002751","article-title":"An estimate of capillary anisotropy and determination of surface and volume densities of capillaries in skeletal muscle of the conger eel (Conger conger L","volume":"68","author":"Egginton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Q. Jl exp. Physiol"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C9","first-page":"396","article-title":"The vascular supply to skeletal muscle in fishes with and without respiratory pigments","volume":"10","author":"Egginton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Microcirc. Clin. Exp"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111234","article-title":"Static and dynamic rigidities of normal and sickle erythrocytes","volume":"73","author":"Evans","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. clin. Invest"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(83)84319-7","article-title":"Bending versus shear rigidity of red blood cell membrane","volume":"43","author":"Evans","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biophys. J"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00658276","article-title":"Comparative rheology of nucleated and non-nucleated red blood cells. I. Microrheology of avian erythrocytes during capillary flow","volume":"390","author":"Gaehtgens","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00658277","article-title":"Comparative rheology of nucleated and non-nucleated red blood cells. II. Rheological properties of avian red cell suspensionsin narrow capillaries","volume":"390","author":"Gaehtgens","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C14","first-page":"229","article-title":"Microvascular transit of normal, immature and altered red blood cells in spleen versus skeletal muscle","volume-title":"Erythrocyte Mechanics and Blood Flow","author":"Groom","year":"1980"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(79)85238-8","article-title":"Temperature dependence of the viscoelastic recovery of red cell membrane","volume":"26","author":"Hochmuth","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biophys. J"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.138.1.523","article-title":"Use of filtration methods in evaluation of the condition of fish red blood cells","volume":"138","author":"Hughes","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04955.x","article-title":"Physiological salines and the mechanical properties of trout red blood cells","volume":"29","author":"Hughes","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3233\/BIR-1991-283-414","article-title":"Red cell mechanics: what changes are needed to to affect in vivo circulation","volume":"28","author":"Nash","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C19","first-page":"227","article-title":"The involvement of red cell aggregation and blood cell rigidity in impaired microcirculatory efficiency and oxygen delivery","volume-title":"Drugs and Delivery of Oxygen to Tissue","author":"Nash","year":"1989"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V67.1.110.110","article-title":"Influence of oxygen tension on the viscoelastic behaviour of red blood cells in sickle cell disease","volume":"67","author":"Nash","year":"1986","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3233\/BIR-1985-22106","article-title":"Alteration of red cell membrane viscoelasticity by heat treatment: effect on red cell deformability and suspension viscosity","volume":"22","author":"Nash","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C22","first-page":"479","article-title":"Changes in surface area and volume measured by micropipette aspiration for erythrocytes ageing in vivo","volume":"17","author":"Nash","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(81)90072-9","article-title":"Erythrocyte membrane elasticity during in vivo ageing","volume":"643","author":"Nash","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochim. biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-83909-2","volume-title":"Vertebrate Red Blood Cells. 262pp. Berlin: Springer Verlag","author":"Nikinmaa","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00706596","article-title":"The characteristics of ammonia excretion by a perfused isolated head of trout (Salmo gairdneri): effect of temperature and CO2-free Ringer","volume":"96","author":"Payan","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. comp. Physiol"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C26","first-page":"326","article-title":"Perfusion methods for the study of gill physiology","volume":"10B","author":"Perry","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fish Physiology"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.98.4.1348","article-title":"Decreased membrane deformability in Melanesian ovalocytes from Papua New Guinea","volume":"98","author":"Saul","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C28","first-page":"275","article-title":"Relative efficacy of filtrometers used to measure erythrocyte deformability","volume":"10","author":"Stone","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Haemorheol"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(70)90041-5","article-title":"Viscosity of turkey blood: rheology of nucleated erythrocytes","volume":"2","author":"Usami","year":"1970","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(76)90027-3","article-title":"Viscoelastic properties of erythrocyte membranes of different vertebrate animals","volume":"12","author":"Waugh","year":"1976","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(79)85239-X","article-title":"Thermoelasticity of red blood cell membrane","volume":"26","author":"Waugh","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biophys. J"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113284","article-title":"Reductions of erythrocyte membrane viscoelastic coefficients reflect spectrin deficiencies in hereditary spherocytosis","volume":"81","author":"Waugh","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. clin. Invest"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.108.5.1711","article-title":"Flexural rigidity of marginal bands isolated from the newt","volume":"108","author":"Waugh","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03090.x","article-title":"Is there an optimal haematocrit for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)? An interpretation of recent data based on blood viscosity measurements","volume":"38","author":"Wells","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol"},{"key":"2024031621310115600_JEXBIO_174_1_109C35","first-page":"897","article-title":"Measurement of erythrocyte deformability by Cell Transit Analyser","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Haemorheol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/174\/1\/109\/3380532\/jexbio_174_1_109.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/174\/1\/109\/3380532\/jexbio_174_1_109.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T21:31:16Z","timestamp":1710624676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/174\/1\/109\/4831\/Comparative-Rheology-of-Human-and-Trout-Red-Blood"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.174.1.109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]]}}}