{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:13:25Z","timestamp":1773324805196,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]],"date-time":"1993-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":730944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Running downhill causes structural damage in deep slow-twitch extensor muscles of the limbs. Both mechanical and metabolic hypotheses have been proposed to explain the damage. The purpose of this study was to use measurements of glycogen loss in the muscles and metabolic rates of rats running on the level and up and down 16\u00b0 inclines at 26 m min\u22121 to try to distinguish between these hypotheses. Glycogen loss in the soleus and medial head to the triceps brachii muscles during running on the three inclines was proportional to whole-animal oxygen consumption, indicating that there were no unusual metabolic demands on these muscles during the downhill exercise. The minimum area of these muscles showing glycogen loss was smaller during downhill than during uphill running. Average forces in the muscles are similar during locomotion on different inclines at the same speed, suggesting that stresses in the active motor units were greater during downhill running. Thus, the results are more consistent with a mechanical than with a metabolic etiology for the muscle injury resulting from downhill running.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.176.1.135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T09:19:52Z","timestamp":1619342392000},"page":"135-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Glycogen Loss in Rat Muscles During Locomotion on Different Inclines"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"R. B.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A & M University and Museum of Comparative Zoology Muscle Biology Laboratory , ,"},{"name":"Harvard University Muscle Biology Laboratory , ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. R.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A & M University and Museum of Comparative Zoology Muscle Biology Laboratory , ,"},{"name":"Harvard University Muscle Biology Laboratory , ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024031621364721800_JEXBIO_176_1_135C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198412000-00002","article-title":"Mechanisms of exercise-induced delayed onset muscular soreness: A brief review","volume":"16","author":"Armstrong","year":"1984","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2024031621364721800_JEXBIO_176_1_135C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.2.518","article-title":"Metabolism of rats running up and down an incline","volume":"55","author":"Armstrong","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. appl. 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