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These maternal behaviors are eradicated if the optic glands, the octopus analog of the vertebrate pituitary gland, are removed from brooding females. Despite the optic gland's importance in regulating maternal behavior, the molecular features underlying optic gland function are unknown. Here, we identify major signaling systems of the Octopus bimaculoides optic gland. Through behavioral analyses and transcriptome sequencing, we report that the optic gland undergoes remarkable molecular changes that coincide with transitions between behavioral stages. These include the dramatic up- and down-regulation of catecholamine, steroid, insulin, and feeding peptide pathways. Transcriptome analyses in other tissues demonstrate that these molecular changes are not generalized markers of senescence, but instead, specific features of the optic glands. Our study expands the classic optic gland-pituitary gland analogy and more specifically, it indicates that, rather than a single \u201cself-destruct\u201d hormone, the maternal optic glands employ multiple pathways as systemic hormonal signals of behavioral regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.185751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T04:19:23Z","timestamp":1534133963000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Multiple optic gland signaling pathways implicated in octopus maternal behaviors and death"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7094-1696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z. Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9197-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clifton W.","family":"Ragsdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042523173400300_JEB185751C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0650261","article-title":"Steroid formation in porcine ovarian tissue in vitro","volume":"65","author":"Aakvaag","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021042523173400300_JEB185751C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2017.05.005","article-title":"Neuropeptides predicted from the transcriptome analysis of the gray garden slug Deroceras reticulatum","volume":"93","author":"Ahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"2021042523173400300_JEB185751C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschup","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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