{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:48:42Z","timestamp":1790704122104,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>The search for variables involved in the regulation and termination of exercise performance has led to integrative models that attribute a central role to the brain and utilize an array of psychological terms (e.g., sensation, perception, discomfort, tolerance). We propose that theorizing about exercise regulation would benefit by establishing crossdisciplinary bridges to research fields, such as affective psychology and neuroscience, in which changes along the dimension of pleasure-displeasure are considered the main channel via which homeostatic perturbations enter consciousness and dictate corrective action (slowing down or stopping). We hypothesized that ratings of pleasure-displeasure would respond to the severity of homeostatic perturbation and would be related to time-to-exhaustion during exercise performed at an unsustainable intensity. In a within-subjects experiment (N=15, 13 men and 2 women, age 23.4\u00b12.2 y; peak oxygen uptake 46.0\u00b18.0 ml\u00b7kg\u22121\u00b7min\u22121), we compared the slope of ratings of pleasure-displeasure (acquired every one min) during cycling exercise at a power output 10% above critical power until volitional termination under glycogen-loaded and glycogen-depleted conditions. As hypothesized, ratings of pleasure-displeasure declined more steeply under glycogen depletion (p=0.009, d=0.70) and correlated closely with time-to-exhaustion under both glycogen-loaded (r=0.85; p&amp;lt;.001) and glycogen-depleted conditions (r=0.83; p&amp;lt;.001). We conclude that in exercise, as in other domains, changes in pleasure-displeasure may be the main channel via which homeostatic perturbations enter consciousness. This proposal may have important implications for conceptualizing and identifying the neurobiological mechanisms of the sense of exertional physical fatigue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.186585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T15:05:30Z","timestamp":1545059130000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Dynamics of pleasure-displeasure at the limit of exercise tolerance: conceptualizing the sense of exertional physical fatigue as an affective response"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viola Holbrook Human Performance Laboratory, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4260-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panteleimon","family":"Ekkekakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan D.","family":"Dicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Pettitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0344-5","article-title":"Role of ratings of perceived exertion during self-paced exercise: what are we actually measuring?","volume":"45","author":"Abbiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199805001-00034","article-title":"Perceptual responses proximal to the onset of blood lactate accumulation","volume":"43","author":"Acevedo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2012.05681.x","article-title":"Significance of Group III and IV muscle afferents for the endurance exercising human","volume":"39","author":"Amann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7678-9_22","article-title":"Ensemble input of group III\/IV muscle afferents to CNS: a limiting factor of central motor drive during endurance exercise from normoxia to moderate hypoxia","volume":"903","author":"Amann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C5","volume-title":"ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription","author":"American College of Sports Medicine","year":"2018","edition":"10th edn."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2648","article-title":"Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function","volume":"10","author":"Arnsten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.016980","article-title":"Effect of anticipation during unknown or unexpected exercise duration on rating of perceived exertion, affect, and physiological function","volume":"39","author":"Baden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.4.1642","article-title":"Influence of muscle fiber type and pedal frequency on oxygen uptake kinetics of heavy exercise","volume":"81","author":"Barstow","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8602150","article-title":"A comparison of modelling techniques used to characterise oxygen uptake kinetics during the on-transient of exercise","volume":"86","author":"Bell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03720.x","article-title":"Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance","volume":"71","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.02.018","article-title":"Pleasure systems in the brain","volume":"86","author":"Berridge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","article-title":"Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion","volume":"14","author":"Borg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-08946-8_1","article-title":"Psychophysical studies of effort and exertion: Some historical, theoretical, and empirical aspects","volume-title":"The Perception of Exertion in Physical Work","author":"Borg","year":"1986"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C16","volume-title":"Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales","author":"Borg","year":"1998"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02337176","article-title":"The increase of perceived exertion, aches and pain in the legs, heart rate and blood lactate during exercise on a bicycle ergometer","volume":"54","author":"Borg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-820938","article-title":"Effect of glycogen depletion on the oxygen uptake slow component in humans","volume":"25","author":"Bouckaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03052","article-title":"Endurance running and the evolution of Homo","volume":"432","author":"Bramble","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/17461390701456148","article-title":"Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance","volume":"7","author":"Burnley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1249524","article-title":"Power\u2013duration relationship: physiology, fatigue, and the limits of human performance","volume":"18","author":"Burnley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000232024.06114.a6","article-title":"A 3-min all-out test to determine peak oxygen uptake and the maximal steady state","volume":"38","author":"Burnley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(05)80594-6","article-title":"Pleasure: the common currency","volume":"155","author":"Cabanac","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C24","first-page":"R621","article-title":"Physiological conflict in humans: fatigue vs. cold discomfort","volume":"244","author":"Cabanac","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-193212000-00028","article-title":"The Wisdom of the Body","author":"Cannon","year":"1932"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000128202.73676.11","article-title":"Muscle glycogen depletion alters oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy exercise","volume":"36","author":"Carter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15794-2","article-title":"Fatigue in neurological disorders","volume":"363","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182785041","article-title":"Alternative procedures for the three-minute all-out exercise test","volume":"27","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894","article-title":"How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body","volume":"3","author":"Craig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C28","first-page":"12","article-title":"A second chance for emotion","volume-title":"Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion","author":"Damasio","year":"2000"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3403","article-title":"The nature of feelings: evolutionary and neurobiological origins","volume":"14","author":"Damasio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1236-0_17","article-title":"Psychobiology of perceived effort during physical tasks","volume-title":"Handbook of Biobehavioral Approaches to Self-Regulation","author":"de Morree","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2008.06.009","article-title":"The role of primordial emotions in the evolutionary origin of consciousness","volume":"18","author":"Denton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0116","article-title":"Load determination for the 3-min all-out exercise test for cycle ergometry","volume":"11","author":"Dicks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930302292","article-title":"Pleasure and displeasure from the body: perspectives from exercise","volume":"17","author":"Ekkekakis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/17509840802705920","article-title":"The Dual-Mode Theory of affective responses to exercise in metatheoretical context: I. Initial impetus, basic postulates, and philosophical framework","volume":"2","author":"Ekkekakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.31.4.505","article-title":"Illuminating the black box: investigating prefrontal cortical hemodynamics during exercise with near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"31","author":"Ekkekakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2003.09.038","article-title":"Practical markers of the transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism during exercise: rationale and a case for affect-based exercise prescription","volume":"38","author":"Ekkekakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410400021492","article-title":"Variation and homogeneity in affective responses to physical activity of varying intensities: an alternative perspective on dose-response based on evolutionary considerations","volume":"23","author":"Ekkekakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-008-9025-z","article-title":"The relationship between exercise intensity and affective responses demystified: to crack the forty-year-old nut, replace the forty-year-old nutcracker!","volume":"35","author":"Ekkekakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.2165\/11590680-000000000-00000","article-title":"The pleasure and displeasure people feel when they exercise at different intensities: decennial update and progress towards a tripartite rationale for exercise intensity prescription","volume":"41","author":"Ekkekakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4044","article-title":"The neural bases of emotion regulation","volume":"16","author":"Etkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C41","first-page":"45","article-title":"Ten common misconceptions about psychological construction theories of emotion","volume-title":"The Psychological Construction of Emotion","author":"Feldman Barrett","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.018","article-title":"The limits of exercise physiology: from performance to health","volume":"25","author":"Gabriel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.4.1725","article-title":"Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue","volume":"81","author":"Gandevia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6373-4_22","article-title":"Neuroimaging of fatigue","volume-title":"Brain Imaging in Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience","author":"Genova","year":"2011"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010639","article-title":"Selective glycogen depletion pattern in human muscle fibres after exercise of varying intensity and at varying pedalling rates","volume":"241","author":"Gollnick","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0138576","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138576","article-title":"Effect of intramuscular protons, lactate, and ATP on muscle hyperalgesia in rats","volume":"10","author":"Gregory","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0566","article-title":"Threats to internal validity in exercise science: a review of overlooked confounding variables","volume":"10","author":"Halperin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.11.3.304","article-title":"Not what, but how one feels: the measurement of affect during exercise","volume":"11","author":"Hardy","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1252428","article-title":"The \u2018sensory tolerance limit\u2019: a hypothetical construct determining exercise performance?","volume":"18","author":"Hureau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C51","volume-title":"Animal Athletes: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach","author":"Irschick","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000763","article-title":"Comparison of the YMCA and a custom submaximal exercise test for determining VO2max","volume":"48","author":"Jamnick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318224cb0f","article-title":"Reliability analysis of the 3-min all-out exercise test for cycle ergometry","volume":"43","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C54","first-page":"103","article-title":"Effect of exercise modality on VO2 kinetics","volume-title":"Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Sport, Exercise and Medicine","author":"Jones","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008313430907","article-title":"Exercise limitation in health and disease","volume":"343","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181d9cf7f","article-title":"Critical power: implications for determination of VO2max and exercise tolerance","volume":"42","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821fcfc1","article-title":"Slow component of VO2 kinetics: mechanistic bases and practical applications","volume":"43","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.14.1.62","article-title":"The influence of low versus high carbohydrate diet on a 45-min strenuous cycling exercise","volume":"14","author":"Kavouras","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C59","first-page":"680","article-title":"Pervitin als leistungssteigerndes Mittel","volume":"10","author":"Lehmann","year":"1939","journal-title":"Arbeitsphysiologie"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C60","first-page":"320","article-title":"Pain and pleasure: masters of mankind","volume-title":"Pleasures of the Brain","author":"Leknes","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01344.2007","article-title":"Dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating skeletal muscle respond to physiological combinations of protons, ATP, and lactate mediated by ASIC, P2X, and TRPV1","volume":"100","author":"Light","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X11000446","article-title":"The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review","volume":"35","author":"Lindquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dynamics of pulmonary gas exchange and heart rate changes at start and end of exercise","volume":"415","author":"Linnarsson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2018.07.006","article-title":"Functional brain anatomy of exercise regulation","volume":"240","author":"Lutz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00104","article-title":"Fatigue is a pain: the use of novel neurophysiological techniques to understand the fatigue-pain relationship","volume":"4","author":"Mauger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1975.0009","article-title":"The behavioural final common path","volume":"270","author":"McFarland","year":"1975","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.03.024","article-title":"Central fatigue theory and endurance exercise: toward an interoceptive model","volume":"93","author":"McMorris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2017.1296890","article-title":"Fatigue: is it all neurochemistry?","volume":"18","author":"Meeusen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0711-5","article-title":"Development and validity of the rating-of-fatigue scale","volume":"47","author":"Micklewright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737120-00002","article-title":"Criteria for determination of maximal oxygen uptake","volume":"37","author":"Midgley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/001401300184693","article-title":"The effect of glycogen depletion on the curvature constant parameter of the power-duration curve for cycle ergometry","volume":"43","author":"Miura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4631","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270487","article-title":"What limits performance during whole-body incremental exercise to exhaustion in humans?","volume":"593","author":"Morales-Alamo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138108924856","article-title":"Critical power as a measure of physical work capacity and anaerobic threshold","volume":"24","author":"Moritani","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C74","volume-title":"Fatigue","author":"Mosso","year":"1904"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1139\/H10-082","article-title":"Time to move beyond a brainless exercise physiology: the evidence for complex regulation of human exercise performance","volume":"36","author":"Noakes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00082","article-title":"Fatigue is a brain-derived emotion that regulates the exercise behavior to ensure the protection of whole body homeostasis","volume":"3","author":"Noakes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C77","first-page":"158","article-title":"On the embodied neural nature of core emotional affects","volume":"12","author":"Panksepp","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Conscious. Stud."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-010-0175-9","article-title":"Assessment of dietary intake: NuGO symposium report","volume":"5","author":"Penn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.03.002","article-title":"A network model of the emotional brain","volume":"21","author":"Pessoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071013-014119","article-title":"Emotion and decision making: multiple modulatory neural circuits","volume":"37","author":"Phelps","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.079087","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary, blood metabolite and rating of perceived exertion responses to constant exercises performed at different intensities until exhaustion","volume":"45","author":"Pires","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.075812","article-title":"Exogenously applied muscle metabolites synergistically evoke sensations of muscle fatigue and pain in human subjects","volume":"99","author":"Pollak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00456.2002","article-title":"Effect of pedal rate on primary and slow-component oxygen uptake responses during heavy-cycle exercise","volume":"94","author":"Pringle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.7.2.121","article-title":"Complex interplay between determinants of pacing and performance during 20-km cycle time trials","volume":"7","author":"Renfree","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00014","article-title":"Central signals of perceived exertion during dynamic exercise","volume":"14","author":"Robertson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00363.2015","article-title":"A role for the prefrontal cortex in exercise tolerance and termination","volume":"120","author":"Robertson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.06.002","article-title":"Effects of incremental exercise on cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy: a systematic review","volume":"92","author":"Rooks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C87","first-page":"265","article-title":"Motivation: Homeostatic mechanisms may instigate and shape adaptive behaviors through the generation of hedonic states","volume-title":"Biological Perspectives on Motivated Activities","author":"Schulze","year":"1995"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.2165\/11315130-000000000-00000","article-title":"Is it time to retire the \u2018central governor\u2019?","volume":"39","author":"Shephard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C89","first-page":"1","article-title":"Carbohydrate feedings before and after exercise","volume-title":"Perspectives in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine","author":"Sherman","year":"1991"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C90","volume-title":"The Integrative Action of the Nervous System","author":"Sherrington","year":"1906"},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2018.09.012","article-title":"The cardinal exercise stopper: muscle fatigue, muscle pain or perception of effort?","volume":"240","author":"Staiano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160010","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0010","article-title":"Interoception, homeostatic emotions and sympathovagal balance","volume":"371","author":"Strigo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.055889","article-title":"Exercising with reserve: evidence that the central nervous system regulates prolonged exercise performance","volume":"43","author":"Swart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000923","article-title":"Neural contributions to muscle fatigue: from the brain to the muscle and back again","volume":"48","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802dd3e6","article-title":"Determination of critical power using a 3-min all-out cycling test","volume":"39","author":"Vanhatalo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096907","article-title":"Towards a three-dimensional framework of centrally regulated and goal-directed exercise behaviour: a narrative review","volume":"52","author":"Venhorst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.023028","article-title":"Is fatigue all in your head? A critical review of the central governor model","volume":"40","author":"Weir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C98","first-page":"1591","article-title":"A constant which determines the duration of tolerance to high-intensity work","volume":"41","author":"Whipp","year":"1982","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"2021042513342915800_JEB186585C99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.6.1506","article-title":"Parameters of ventilatory and gas exchange dynamics during exercise","volume":"52","author":"Whipp","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.186585\/1919409\/jeb186585.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.186585\/2042472\/jeb_186585v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.186585\/2042472\/jeb_186585v1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T06:48:49Z","timestamp":1694501329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.186585\/259501\/Dynamics-of-pleasure-displeasure-at-the-limit-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"references-count":99,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.186585","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9145","0022-0949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"article-number":"jeb.186585"}}