{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:15:06Z","timestamp":1791234906268,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004795","name":"Institut Universitaire de France","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"R?gion Pays de la Loire","award":["2015-09035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-09035"]}]},{"name":"International French Society of Biomechanics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Little is known about the factors that influence the coordination of synergist muscles that act across the same joint, even during single-joint isometric tasks. The overall aim of this study was to determine the nature of the relationship between the distribution of activation and the distribution of force-generating capacity among the three heads of the triceps surae (soleus [SOL], gastrocnemius medialis [GM] and lateralis [GL]). Twenty volunteers performed isometric plantarflexions during which the activation of GM, GL and SOL was estimated using electromyography (EMG). Functional muscle physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was estimated using imaging techniques and was considered as an index of muscle-force generating capacity. The distribution of activation and PCSA among the three muscles varied greatly between participants. A significant positive correlation between the distribution of activation and the distribution of PCSA was observed when considering the two bi-articular muscles at intensities \u226450% of the maximal contraction (0.51&amp;lt;r&amp;lt;0.62). Specifically, the greater the PCSA of GM compared with GL, the stronger bias of activation to the GM. There was no significant correlation between monoarticular and biarticular muscles. A higher contribution of GM activation compared with GL activation was associated with lower triceps surae activation (\u22120.66 &amp;lt;r&amp;lt;\u22120.42) and metabolic cost (\u22120.74&amp;lt;r&amp;lt;\u22120.52) for intensities \u226530% of the maximal contraction. Considered together, an imbalance of force between the three heads was observed, the magnitude of which varied greatly between participants. The origin and consequences of these individual force-sharing strategies remain to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.187260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T05:05:05Z","timestamp":1537419905000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Neuromechanical coupling within the human\n                    <i>triceps surae<\/i>\n                    and its consequence on individual force sharing strategies"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Marion","family":"Crouzier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nantes, Laboratory \u201cMovement, Interactions, Performance\u201d (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Lacourpaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nantes, Laboratory \u201cMovement, Interactions, Performance\u201d (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Nordez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nantes, Laboratory \u201cMovement, Interactions, Performance\u201d (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Nantes, France"},{"name":"Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6432-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Hug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nantes, Laboratory \u201cMovement, Interactions, Performance\u201d (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Nantes, France"},{"name":"The University of Queensland, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042523202726800_JEB187260C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2010.1169","article-title":"Variability of neural activation during walking in humans: short heels and big calves","volume":"7","author":"Ahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. 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