{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T18:39:16Z","timestamp":1774291156640,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Animal size affects energetics of locomotion. Using female caste dimorphism in bumblebees, we assessed how body mass impacted morphological and physiological traits linked with flight. The allometric relationships obtained for workers wing surface area, wingbeat frequency, flight and resting metabolic rates could predict the trait values of queens that are more than four-fold larger. Flight success of queens decreased over time in part due to a large increase in body mass, and decrease in traits linked with flight, namely wingbeat frequency, metabolic rate, and the activity of metabolic enzymes tended to decrease. After taking into account temporal changes, body mass, flight wingbeat frequency and metabolic rate were repeatable. Finally, we found significant family resemblance for all traits measured, indicating that shared genes and\/or environmental effects impact phenotypic variation. Together, we here show that the functional association between body morphology and flight physiology is robust, providing further insights into the mechanistic basis of metabolic rate scaling patterns during locomotion in animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.187807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T09:46:11Z","timestamp":1540287971000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Flight energetics, caste dimorphism and scaling properties in the bumblebee<i>Bombus impatiens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Fannie","family":"Billardon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1994-6915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles-A.","family":"Darveau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01484","article-title":"Models and the scaling of energy costs for locomotion","volume":"208","author":"Alexander","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aiip.2015.01.001","article-title":"The physiological and genomic bases of bumble bee social behaviour","volume":"48","author":"Amsalem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.76.1.11","article-title":"Oxygen consumption of moths during rest, pre-flight warm-up, and flight in relation to body size and wing morphology","volume":"76","author":"Bartholomew","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800168","article-title":"The common quantitative genetic basis of wing morphology and diapause occurrence in the cricket Gryllus veletis","volume":"89","author":"B\u00e9gin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13284","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1505357112","article-title":"Complex constraints on allometry revealed by artificial selection on the wing of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"112","author":"Bolstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.033563","article-title":"Limits to vertical force and power production in bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombus impatiens)","volume":"213","author":"Buchwald","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.135.1.9","article-title":"Relationship between wing loading, wing stroke frequency and body mass in homopterous insects","volume":"135","author":"Byrne","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.116.1.271","article-title":"Flight energetics of euglossine bees in relation to morphology and wing stroke frequency","volume":"116","author":"Casey","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C57","first-page":"152","article-title":"Allometric scaling of muscle performance and metabolism: insects","author":"Casey","year":"1992"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.079186","article-title":"The energy cost of voluntary running in the weasel Mustela nivalis","volume":"216","author":"Chappell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2007.01245.x","article-title":"Scaling of insect metabolic rate is inconsistent with the nutrient supply network model","volume":"21","author":"Chown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.2010.01198.x","article-title":"Ontogeny of worker body size distribution in bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) colonies","volume":"35","author":"Couvillon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Entomol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/98.3.549","article-title":"Genetic variability of flight metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Characterization of power output during tethered flight","volume":"98","author":"Curtsinger","year":"1981","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01776","article-title":"Allometric scaling of flight energetics in Panamanian orchid bees: a comparative phylogenetic approach","volume":"208","author":"Darveau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3593","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01777","article-title":"Allometric scaling of flight energetics in orchid bees: evolution of flux capacities and flux rates","volume":"208","author":"Darveau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.091892","article-title":"Intraspecific variation in flight metabolic rate in the bumblebee Bombus impatiens: repeatability and functional determinants in workers and drones","volume":"217","author":"Darveau","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1673\/031.010.9601","article-title":"Formulae for insect wingbeat frequency","volume":"10","author":"Deakin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Insect Sci."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.65","article-title":"Macroevolutionary patterns of bumblebee body size: detecting the interplay between natural and sexual selection","volume":"2","author":"del Castillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000473","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2000473","article-title":"Where have all the giants gone? How animals deal with the problem of size","volume":"15","author":"Dick","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00777","article-title":"Allometry of maximum vertical force production during hovering flight of neotropical orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini)","volume":"207","author":"Dillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4712","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.088914","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of mammalian maximal oxygen consumption during exercise","volume":"216","author":"Dlugosz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-005-9034-7","article-title":"Likelihood ratio tests in behavioral genetics: problems and solutions","volume":"36","author":"Dominicus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Genet."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(81)90010-4","article-title":"Scaling of oxidative and glycolytic enzymes in mammals","volume":"45","author":"Emmett","year":"1981","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00347","article-title":"Effects of load type (pollen or nectar) and load mass on hovering metabolic rate and mechanical power output in the honey bee Apis mellifera","volume":"206","author":"Feuerbacher","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4238\/vol8-1gmr557","article-title":"Gender identification of five genera of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) based on wing morphology","volume":"8","author":"Francoy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1105409","article-title":"Natural selection and developmental constraints in the evolution of allometries","volume":"307","author":"Frankino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C25","first-page":"R1343","article-title":"Synchrotron imaging of the grasshopper tracheal system: morphological and physiological components of tracheal hypermetry","volume":"297","author":"Greenlee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1995.tb01943.x","article-title":"Genetic and phenotypic variation for flight ability in the cactophilic Drosophila species, D. aldrichi and D. buzzatii","volume":"76","author":"Gu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1992.7","article-title":"Quantitative genetic analysis of dispersal in Epiphyas postvittana (Walker). I. Genetic variation in flight capacity","volume":"68","author":"Gu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.142927","article-title":"A different angle: comparative analyses of whole-animal transport costs when running uphill","volume":"220","author":"Halsey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3032.1993.tb00466.x","article-title":"Flight capacity: genetic determination and physiological constraints in a migratory moth Mythimna separata","volume":"18","author":"Han","year":"1993","journal-title":"Physiol. Entomol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0241-4","article-title":"A general scaling law reveals why the largest animals are not the fastest","volume":"1","author":"Hirt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82837","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082837","article-title":"Intraspecific scaling of the resting and maximum metabolic rates of the Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus)","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13198","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611544104","article-title":"Increase in tracheal investment with beetle size supports hypothesis of oxygen limitation on insect gigantism","volume":"104","author":"Kaiser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/36.2.484","article-title":"Inheritance of female flight in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)","volume":"36","author":"Keena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Entomol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2011.07.004","article-title":"Ontogenetic changes in citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the jumping muscle of the American locust (Schistocerca americana)","volume":"160","author":"Kirkton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comp. Physiol. Biochem. B"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/102.2.191","article-title":"Naturally occuring enzyme activity variation in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Sources of variation for 23 enzymes","volume":"102","author":"Laurie-Ahlberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.059865","article-title":"Scaling of wingbeat frequency with body mass in bats and limits to maximum bat size","volume":"215","author":"Lindhe Norberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1086\/657619","article-title":"Discontinuous gas exchange in insects: is it all in their heads?","volume":"177","author":"Matthews","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12426","article-title":"Heritability of flight and resting metabolic rates in the Glanville fritillary butterfly","volume":"27","author":"Mattila","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10462","article-title":"Ontogeny of form and function: locomotor morphology and drag in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"267","author":"McHenry","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1023\/B:GENE.0000040380.19645.87","article-title":"Heritability of wing morphology in a natural population of Drosophila gouveai","volume":"121","author":"Moraes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-016-2254-4","article-title":"Trustworthiness of online beer ratings as a source of social information","volume":"71","author":"Niemel\u00e4","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300014164","article-title":"Genetic factors controlling flight performance and migration in the African armyworm moth, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"75","author":"Parker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull. ent. Res."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800497","article-title":"Heritabilities and additive genetic variances of the activities of some enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster populations living in different habitats","volume":"93","author":"Pecsenye","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.150.1.171","article-title":"Predicting wingbeat frequency and wavelength in birds","volume":"150","author":"Pennycuick","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.199.7.1613","article-title":"Wingbeat frequency of birds in steady cruising flight: new data and improved predictions","volume":"199","author":"Pennycuick","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C46","volume-title":"Modelling the Flying Bird","author":"Pennycuick","year":"2008"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6787-5_1","article-title":"Form and function in avian flight","volume-title":"Current Ornithology","author":"Rayner","year":"1988"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.1999.00300.x","article-title":"Energetically costly behaviour and the evolution of resting metabolic rate in insects","volume":"13","author":"Reinhold","year":"1999","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20142232","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.2232","article-title":"Setting the pace of life: membrane composition of flight muscle varies with metabolic rate of hovering orchid bees","volume":"282","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00435-012-0172-1","article-title":"Wing length allometry in Odonata: differences between families in relation to migratory behaviour","volume":"132","author":"Sacchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zoomorphol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1570-7458.1997.00247.x","article-title":"Heritability of flight distance for Cydia Pomonella","volume":"85","author":"Schumacher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1126\/science.248.4959.1106","article-title":"Allometric engineering: an experimental test of the causes of interpopulational differences in performance","volume":"248","author":"Sinervo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1086\/665568","article-title":"Morphological and physiological idiosyncrasies lead to interindividual variation in flight metabolic rate in worker bumblebees (Bombus impatiens)","volume":"85","author":"Skandalis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.058438","article-title":"Symmorphosis and the insect respiratory system: allometric variation","volume":"214","author":"Snelling","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.072975","article-title":"Symmorphosis and the insect respiratory system: a comparison between flight and hopping muscle","volume":"215","author":"Snelling","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.53.3.30155794","article-title":"A violation of the metabolism-size scaling paradigm: activities of glycolytic enzymes in muscle increase in larger-size fish","volume":"53","author":"Somero","year":"1980","journal-title":"Physiol. Zool."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1603\/022.038.0133","article-title":"Genetic variation in flight activity of Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): heritability estimated by artificial selection","volume":"38","author":"Tanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Entomol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2014.09.014","article-title":"Optical identification of bumblebee species: effect of morphology on wingbeat frequency","volume":"109","author":"van Roy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119968535.ch16","article-title":"Insect metabolic rates","volume-title":"Metabolic Ecology: A Scaling Approach","author":"Waters","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6712","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2267","article-title":"Phylogenetic comparisons of pedestrian locomotion costs: confirmations and new insights","volume":"6","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2021042523185431500_JEB187807C62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2307\/2389615","article-title":"Physiological correlates of foraging efforts in honey-bees: oxygen consumption and nectar load","volume":"3","author":"Wolf","year":"1989","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.187807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.187807\/1907443\/jeb187807.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.187807\/2042208\/jeb_187807v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.187807\/2042208\/jeb_187807v1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T17:38:50Z","timestamp":1720719530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/doi\/10.1242\/jeb.187807\/259492\/Flight-energetics-caste-dimorphism-and-scaling"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"references-count":63,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.187807","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9145","0022-0949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"article-number":"jeb.187807"}}