{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:49:58Z","timestamp":1787021398201,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/HRD\/35\/02\/2006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/HRD\/35\/02\/2006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMR\/2015\/000829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMR\/2015\/000829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007296","name":"Infosys Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IISER-P\/InfyFnd\/Trv\/116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IISER-P\/InfyFnd\/Trv\/116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007296","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH55987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH55987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>The song of the adult male zebra finch is a well-studied example of a learned motor sequence. Song bouts begin with a variable number of introductory notes (INs) before actual song production. Previous studies have shown that INs progress from a variable initial state to a stereotyped final state before each song. This progression is thought to represent motor preparation, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the role of sensory feedback in the progression of INs to song. We found that the mean number of INs before song and the progression of INs to song were not affected by removal of two sensory feedback pathways (auditory or proprioceptive). In both feedback-intact and feedback-deprived birds, the presence of calls (other non-song vocalizations), just before the first IN, was correlated with fewer INs before song and an initial state closer to song. Finally, the initial IN state correlated with the time to song initiation. Overall, these results show that INs do not require real-time sensory feedback for progression to song. Rather, our results suggest that, changes in IN features and their transition to song are controlled by internal neural processes, possibly involved in getting the brain ready to initiate a learned movement sequence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.199042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T15:25:41Z","timestamp":1552663541000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sensory feedback independent pre-song vocalizations correlate with time to song initiation"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Divya","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Dong-gu, Daegu, 701-300, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7770-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghav","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042513313153200_JEB199042C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.047","article-title":"Single-trial neural correlates of arm movement preparation","volume":"71","author":"Afshar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021042513313153200_JEB199042C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11967","article-title":"Elemental gesture dynamics are encoded by song premotor cortical neurons","volume":"495","author":"Amador","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042513313153200_JEB199042C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.12.037","article-title":"The forebrain song system mediates predictive call timing in female and male zebra finches","volume":"26","author":"Benichov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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