{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T12:55:14Z","timestamp":1776603314943,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,15]],"date-time":"1997-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":863654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We investigated the process of rewarming from torpor with respect to respiratory and circulatory oxygen transport properties in the smallest mammal, the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus. In seven adult Etruscan shrews with a mean body mass of 2.4 g, torpor was induced by deprivation of food and a cold environment. During arousal from torpor at an ambient temperature of 22 \u00b0C, the shrews actively rewarmed from the lowest mean (\u00b1S.D.) body temperature (Tb) of 12.1\u00b11.2 \u00b0C to 20 \u00b0C at a rate of 0.43\u00b10.14 \u00b0C min\u22121, from 20 to 24 \u00b0C at a rate of 0.8 \u00b0C min\u22121, and from 24 to 36 \u00b0C at a rate of 1.1\u00b10.1 \u00b0C min\u22121. The mean rate from 12 \u00b0C to normothermia amounted to 0.83 \u00b0C min\u22121, which is among the highest values recorded in mammals. During rewarming, the heart rate increased exponentially (Q10=2.2) from 100 to 800\u20131200 min\u22121, whereas the respiratory rate increased linearly from 50 to 600\u2013800 min\u22121. These rates are higher than the heart and respiratory rates reported for other small mammals at the same Tb.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The fraction of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was 9.2\u00b11.6 % of body mass, which is higher than in any other mammal. Up to a body temperature of approximately 17 \u00b0C, the heat for rewarming was mainly produced in the BAT; above this value, considerable activity of the skeletal muscles enhanced thermogenesis. Estimation of the mixed venous oxygen partial pressure showed that, at the tissue level, the rewarming process corresponds to heavy work conditions. The ventilatory system is adapted such that during rewarming, in addition to the appropriate oxygen transport capacity, there is also a capacity for hyperventilation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.10.1451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T03:59:55Z","timestamp":1619323195000},"page":"1451-1458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Rates of Rewarming, Heart and Respiratory Rates and Their Significance for Oxygen Transport During Arousal From Torpor in the Smallest Mammal, the Etruscan Shrew <i>Suncus Etruscus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Roger","family":"Fons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 P. and M. Curie (Paris 6) 1 Laboratoire Arago , , CNRS, URA 2156, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Sender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Zentrum Physiologie, Medizinische Hochschule, 30623 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Zentrum Physiologie, Medizinische Hochschule, 30623 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus D.","family":"J\u00fcrgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Zentrum Physiologie, Medizinische Hochschule, 30623 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032323411709500_JEXBIO_200_10_1451C1","first-page":"R211","article-title":"Blood oxygen transport and organ weights of two shrew species (S. etruscus and C. russula)","volume":"236","author":"Bartels","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. 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