{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T05:21:49Z","timestamp":1731043309528,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,15]],"date-time":"1999-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":921456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In vivo experiments were conducted on spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in sea water to determine the potential role of externally oriented or gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase in carbon dioxide excretion. This was accomplished by assessing pH changes in expired water using a stopped-flow apparatus. In dogfish, expired water was in acid\u2013base disequilibrium as indicated by a pronounced acidification (\u0394pH=\u22120.11\u00b10.01; N=22; mean \u00b1 S.E.M.) during the period of stopped flow; inspired water, however, was in acid\u2013base equilibrium (\u0394pH=\u22120.002\u00b10.01; N=22). The acid\u2013base disequilibrium in expired water was abolished (\u0394pH=\u22120.005\u00b10.01; N=6) by the addition of bovine carbonic anhydrase (5 mg l\u22121) to the external medium. Addition of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (1 mmol l\u22121) to the water significantly reduced the magnitude of the pH disequilibrium (from \u22120.133\u00b10.03 to \u22120.063\u00b10.02; N=4). However, after correcting for the increased buffering capacity of the water caused by acetazolamide, the acid\u2013base disequilibrium during stopped flow was unaffected by this treatment (control \u0394[H+]=99.8\u00b122.8 \u03bcmol l\u22121; acetazolamide \u0394[H+]=81.3\u00b121.5 \u03bcmol l\u22121). In rainbow trout, expired water displayed an acid\u2013base disequilibrium (\u0394pH=0.09\u00b10.01; N=6) that also was abolished by the application of external carbonic anhydrase (\u0394pH=0.02\u00b10.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The origin of the expired water acid\u2013base disequilibrium was investigated further in dogfish. Intravascular injection of acetazolamide (40 mg kg\u22121) to inhibit internal carbonic anhydrase activity non-specifically and thus CO2 excretion significantly diminished the extent of the expired water disequilibrium pH after 30 min (from \u22120.123\u00b10.01 to \u22120.065\u00b10.01; N=6). Selective inhibition of extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity using a low intravascular dose (1.3 mg kg\u22121) of the inhibitor benzolamide caused a significant reduction in the acid\u2013base disequilibrium after 5 min (from \u22120.11\u00b10.01 to \u22120.07\u00b10.01; N=14). These results demonstrate that the expired water acid\u2013base disequilibrium originates, at least in part, from excretory CO2 and that extracellular carbonic anhydrase in dogfish may have a significant role in carbon dioxide excretion. However, externally oriented carbonic anhydrase (if present in dogfish) plays no role in catalysing the hydration of the excretory CO2 in water flowing over the gills and thus is unlikely to facilitate CO2 excretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202.6.749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T05:24:18Z","timestamp":1619328258000},"page":"749-756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Does Gill Boundary Layer Carbonic Anhydrase Contribute to Carbon Dioxide Excretion: a Comparison Between Dogfish (<i>Squalus Acanthias<\/i>) and Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus Mykiss<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"S. F.","family":"Perry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Bamfield Marine Station, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada V0R 1B0"},{"name":"University of Ottawa 2 Department of Biology , 30 Marie Curie , , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Bamfield Marine Station, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada V0R 1B0"},{"name":"Carleton University 3 Department of Biology , , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"Bernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Bamfield Marine Station, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada V0R 1B0"},{"name":"University of Ottawa 2 Department of Biology , 30 Marie Curie , , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Bamfield Marine Station, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada V0R 1B0"},{"name":"McMaster University 4 Department of Biology , , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.4.1460","article-title":"Effects of perfusate buffer capacity on capillary CO2\u2013HCO\u22123\u2013H+ reactions: theory","volume":"71","author":"Bidani","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C2","first-page":"403","article-title":"Physiochemical parameters for use in fish respiratory physiology","volume-title":"Fish Physiology","author":"Boutilier","year":"1984"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(88)90413-6","article-title":"Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in vivo in the freshwater-adapted rainbow trout: differential effects of acetazolamide and methazolamide on blood CO2 levels","volume":"91A","author":"Dimberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C4","first-page":"15","article-title":"Carbon dioxide, carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion: Physical properties and kinetics of interconversion","volume-title":"CO2: Chemical, Biological and Physiological Aspects","author":"Edsall","year":"1969"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C5","first-page":"101","article-title":"Gas exchange","volume-title":"The Physiology of Fishes","author":"Gilmour","year":"1997"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(97)00439-X","article-title":"The disequilibrium pH: A tool for the localization of carbonic anhydrase","volume":"119A","author":"Gilmour","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.1.173","article-title":"Extracellular carbonic anhydrase and an acid\u2013base disequilibrium in the blood of the dogfish Squalus acanthias","volume":"200","author":"Gilmour","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C8","article-title":"Carbon dioxide and ammonia toxicity in fishes","volume-title":"Is there a relationship? EPA\/600\/9-86\/024, 84\u201394","author":"Heming","year":"1986"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1086\/515878","article-title":"Extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the circulatory system of fish","volume":"70","author":"Henry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. Zool."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C10","first-page":"75","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrase and respiratory gas exchange","volume-title":"Fish Respiration","author":"Henry","year":"1998"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.134.1.201","article-title":"The distribution of branchial carbonic anhydrase and the effects of gill and erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase inhibition in the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus","volume":"134","author":"Henry","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.149.1.149","article-title":"The effect of varying water pH on the acidification of expired water in rainbow trout","volume":"149","author":"Lin","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1139\/z86-083","article-title":"Carbon dioxide excretion in fish","volume":"64","author":"Perry","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C14","first-page":"39","article-title":"The role of carbonic anhydrase in carbon dioxide excretion, acid\u2013base balance and ionic regulation in aquatic gill breathers","volume":"6","author":"Perry","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C15","first-page":"251","article-title":"Gas exchange","volume-title":"The Physiology of Fishes","author":"Perry","year":"1993"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00694377","article-title":"Water chemistry changes in the gill micro-environment of rainbow trout: experimental observations and theory","volume":"159","author":"Playle","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00492602","article-title":"Identification and immunocytochemical localization of two different carbonic anhydrase isozymes in teleostean fish erythrocytes and gill epithelia","volume":"89","author":"Rahim","year":"1988","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.64.1.30158512","article-title":"Gill water flow and the chemistry of the boundary layer","volume":"64","author":"Randall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiol. Zool."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1139\/z89-416","article-title":"The interaction between carbon dioxide and ammonia excretion and water pH in fish","volume":"67","author":"Randall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-75380-0_6","article-title":"Kinetics of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange","volume":"6","author":"Swenson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C21","first-page":"R450","article-title":"Roles of gill and red cell carbonic anhydrase in elasmobranch HCO3\u2212 and CO2 excretion","volume":"253","author":"Swenson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C22","first-page":"229","article-title":"Carbon dioxide transport and excretion","volume-title":"Fish Respiration","author":"Tufts","year":"1998"},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1963)25[135:PSFFT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Physiological salines for freshwater teleosts","volume":"25","author":"Wolf","year":"1963","journal-title":"Progve Fish. Cult."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(94)90080-9","article-title":"HCO3\u2212 dehydration by the blood of an elasmobranch in the absence of a Haldane effect","volume":"98","author":"Wood","year":"1994","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"2024110713462405800_JEXBIO_202_6_749C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.126.1.499","article-title":"Downstream pH changes in water flowing over the gills of rainbow trout","volume":"126","author":"Wright","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/202\/6\/749\/3578623\/jexbio_202_6_749.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/202\/6\/749\/3578623\/jexbio_202_6_749.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T13:46:34Z","timestamp":1730987194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/202\/6\/749\/8014\/Does-Gill-Boundary-Layer-Carbonic-Anhydrase"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,15]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.202.6.749","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-0949"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1477-9145"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,15]]}}}