{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T19:47:16Z","timestamp":1767383236991,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]],"date-time":"2000-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":962409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The Pacific bonito, Sarda chiliensis, is anatomically intermediate between mackerel and tuna. The specialisations exhibited by tuna are present in the bonito, but to a lesser degree. Slow-twitch muscle strain and activity patterns were determined during steady swimming (tailbeat frequency 1.2\u20133.2 Hz) at four locations on the body of Sarda chiliensis using sonomicrometry and electromyography. Both strain and the phase of electromygraphic activity were independent of tailbeat frequency. The strain of superficial slow-twitch muscle increased from \u00b13.1 % l0 at 0.35FL to \u00b15.8 % l0 at 0.65FL, where l0 is muscle resting length and FL is the body length from snout to tail fork. Between 0.35 and 0.65FL, there was a negative phase shift of 16 \u00b0 in the onset of electromygraphic activity in superficial slow-twitch muscle relative to the strain cycle. Muscle activity patterns are comparable with those of tuna. At 0.58FL, the onset of activity in deep slow-twitch muscle was approximately synchronous with the onset of activity in superficial muscle in the same myotome at 0.65FL. The distribution of slow-twitch muscle along the body of Sarda chiliensis and four additional fish species, Anguilla anguilla, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Scomber scombrus and Thunnus albacares, was also measured. Slow-twitch muscle appears to become more concentrated at approximately 0.5FL as swimming kinematics become more thunniform.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.13.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T05:39:51Z","timestamp":1619329191000},"page":"2001-2013","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Slow Muscle Function of Pacific Bonito (<i>Sarda Chiliensis<\/i>) During Steady Swimming"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"D. J.","family":"Ellerby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Leeds 1 School of Biology , , Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Altringham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Leeds 1 School of Biology , , Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. A.","family":"Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University 3 Tuna Research and Conservation Center , Hopkins Marine Station , , Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121804591678100_JEXBIO_203_13_2001C1","first-page":"2617","article-title":"Why do tuna maintain elevated slow muscle temperatures: power output of muscle isolated from endothermic and ectothermic fish","volume-title":"J. Exp. 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