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The large size of the bronchial system of the ostrich may help explain the unique shifts in the airflow pathways that must occur from resting to panting breathing, explaining its insensitivity to acid\u2013base imbalance of the blood during sustained panting under thermal stress. The mass-specific volume of the lung is 39.1 cm3kg\u22121 and the volume density of the exchange tissue is remarkably high (78.31%). The blood\u2013gas (tissue) barrier is relatively thick (0.56\u03bcm) but the plasma layer is very thin (0.14\u03bcm). In this flightless ratite bird, the mass-specific surface area of the tissue barrier (30.1 cm2g\u22121), the mass-specific anatomical diffusing capacity of the tissue barrier for oxygen (0.0022mlO2s\u22121Pa\u22121kg\u22121), the mass-specific volume of pulmonary capillary blood (6.25 cm3kg\u22121) and the mass-specific total anatomical diffusing capacity for oxygen (0.00073mlO2s\u22121Pa\u22121kg\u22121) are equivalent to or exceed those of much smaller highly aerobic volant birds. The distinctive morphological and morphometric features that seem to occur in the ostrich lung may explain how it achieves and maintains high aerobic capacities and endures long thermal panting without experiencing respiratory alkalosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.13.2313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T23:42:52Z","timestamp":1619221372000},"page":"2313-2330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["A qualitative and quantitative study of the lung of an ostrich,<i>Struthio camelus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"John N.","family":"Maina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences, The University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Nathaniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences, The University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042522102845500_ABDALLA-ETAL-1982","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdalla, M. 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