{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T11:56:55Z","timestamp":1791028615757,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]],"date-time":"2001-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":979516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Apyrases are enzymes that hydrolyze nucleotide di- and triphosphates to orthophosphate and mononucleotides. At least two families of enzymes, belonging to the 5\u2032-nucleotidase and to the actin\/heat shock 70\/sugar kinase superfamily, have evolved independently to serve the apyrase reaction. Both families require either Ca2+ or Mg2+ for their action. A novel apyrase enzyme sequence, with no homology to any other known protein sequence, was found recently in the salivary glands of the hematophagous bed bug Cimex lectularius. This enzyme functions exclusively with Ca2+. Here, we report the finding of a cDNA similar to that of the C. lectularius salivary apyrase isolated from a salivary gland cDNA library of Phlebotomus papatasi. Transfection of insect cells with the P. papatasi salivary gland apyrase cDNA resulted in the secretion of a Ca2+-dependent apyrase whose activity was indistinguishable from that in salivary homogenates of P. papatasi. Homologous sequences were found in humans, in another sand fly (Lutzomyia longipalpis), in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and in the protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum, indicating that this family of enzymes is widespread among animal species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.2.229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T23:50:20Z","timestamp":1619221820000},"page":"229-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["The Salivary Apyrase of the Blood-Sucking Sand Fly <i>Phlebotomus Papatasi<\/i> Belongs to the Novel <i>Cimex<\/i> Family of Apyrases"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Jesus G.","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Section of Medical Entomology, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 4, Room 126, 4 Center Drive, MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892-0425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Belkaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Section of Medical Entomology, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 4, Room 126, 4 Center Drive, MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892-0425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Rowton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M. C.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Section of Medical Entomology, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 4, Room 126, 4 Center Drive, MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892-0425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121805152703200_JEXBIO_204_2_229C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024121805152703200_JEXBIO_204_2_229C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8691","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.15.8691","article-title":"Purification, characterization and cloning of nitric oxide-carrying heme proteins (nitrophorins) from salivary glands of the blood sucking insect Rhodnius prolixus","volume":"270","author":"Champagne","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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