{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T09:09:59Z","timestamp":1768640999663,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>When approaching a prey target, bats have been found to decrease the intensity of their emitted echolocation pulses, called intensity compensation. In this paper we examine whether intensity compensation in the echolocation of bats is flexible or stereotyped. We recorded the echolocation calls of Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii) while the animals attacked targets of different dimensions. Myotis daubentonii reduced the peak sound pressure level emitted by about 4dB for each halving of distance,irrespective of the target presented (mealworms and two different sizes of spheres). The absolute sound pressure level emitted by the bat is not or only a little affected by target strength. Furthermore, the decrease in emitted intensity over distance shows less scatter than the same intensity over time for the last 20 cm of target approach. The bats matched the emitted intensity to target distance equally well for the spheres (aspect-invariant target strength) as for the mealworms (aspect-dependent echo strength). We therefore conclude that intensity compensation does not rely on feedback information from received intensity, but instead follows a stereotyped pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.18.2865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T05:03:45Z","timestamp":1619327025000},"page":"2865-2874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Intensity control during target approach in echolocating bats;stereotypical sensori-motor behaviour in Daubenton's bats,<i>Myotis daubentonii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Arjan","family":"Boonman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road,BS8 1UG Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road,BS8 1UG Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Au, W. W. L. (1993). The Sonar of Dolphins. New York: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4356-4"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF2","unstructured":"Bazley, E. N. (1976). Sound Absorption in Air at Frequencies up to 100 kHz. NPL Acoustics report Ac74. Teddington, UK: National Physics Laboratory."},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fay, R. R. (1994). Comparative auditory research. In Comparative Hearing: Mammals (ed. R. R. Fay and A. N. Popper), pp. 1-17. New York:Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2700-7_1"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenton, M. B. (1995). Natural history and biosonar signals. In Hearing by Bats (ed. A. N. Popper and R. R. Fay), pp. 37-86. New York:Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2556-0_2"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_","unstructured":"Griffin, D. R. (1958). Listening in the Dark. New Haven: Yale University Press."},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartley, D. J. (1992a). Stabilization of perceived echo amplitudes in echolocating bats. I. Echo detection and automatic gain control in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, and the fishing bat, Noctilio leporinus.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91,1120-1132.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.402639"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartley, D. J. (1992b). Stabilization of perceived echo amplitudes in echolocating bats. II. The acoustic behavior of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, when tracking moving prey. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.91,1133-1149.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.402640"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartley, D. J., Campbell, K. A. and Suthers, R. A.(1989). The acoustic behavior of the fish-catching bat, Noctilio leporinus, during prey capture. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.86,8-27.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.398225"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heisenberg, M. and Wolf, R. (1988). Reafferent control of optomotor yaw torque in Drosophila melanogaster.J. Comp. Physiol. 163,373-388.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00604013"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henson, O. W. (1965). The activity and function of the middle-ear muscles in echo-locating bats. J. Physiol.180,871-887.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007737"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF11","unstructured":"Holderied, M. (2001). Akustische Flugbahnverfolgung von Flederma\u0308usen: Artvergleich des Verhaltens beim Suchflug und Richtkarakteristik der Schallabstrahlung. PhD thesis,University of Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg, Germany."},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hope, G. M. and Bhatnagar, K. P. (1979). Electrical response of bat retina to spectral stimulation: Comparison of four microchiropteran species. Experientia35,1189-1191.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963279"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, G. and Rayner, J. M. V. (1988). Flight performance, foraging tactics and echolocation in free-living Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentoni (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). J. Zool.215,113-132.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1988.tb04888.x"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalko, E. K. V. and Schnitzler, H. U. (1989). The echolocation and hunting behavior of Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentoni.Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 24,225-238.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00295202"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kick, S. A. and Simmons, J. A. (1984). Automatic gain control in the bat's sonar receiver and the neuroethology of echolocation. J. Neurosci.4,2725-2737.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-11-02725.1984"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobler, J. B., Wilson, B. S., Henson, O. W. and Bishop, A. L. (1985). Echo intensity compensation by echolocating bats. Hear. Res.20,99-108.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(85)90161-3"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, D. N., van der Weel, F. R., Hitchcock, T., Matejowski, E. and Pettigrew, J. D. (1992). Common principle of guidance by echolocation and vision. J. Comp. Physiol. A171,563-571.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00194105"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moss, C. F. and Schnitzler, H. U. (1995). Behavioral studies of auditory information processing. In Hearing by Bats (ed. A. N. Popper and R. R. Fay), pp.87-145. New York: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2556-0_3"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moss, C. F. and Surlykke, A. (2001). Auditory scene analysis by echolocation in bats. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.110,2207-2226.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1398051"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu\u0308ller, R. and Schnitzler, H. U. (1999). Acoustic flow perception in cf-bats: properties of the available cues. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.105,2958-2966.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.426909"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neuweiler, G. (1990). Auditory adaptations for prey capture in echolocating bats. Physiol. Rev.70,615-641.","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.3.615"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norman, A. P., Teagle, L. and Jones, G. (1998). A method for the synchronisation and control of ultrasound recording and stereophotogrammetry for the reconstruction of animal flight. Bioacoustics9,207-212.","DOI":"10.1080\/09524622.1998.9753396"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF23","unstructured":"Patheiger, S. (1998). Die Detektionsschwelle von Eptesicus fuscus bei verschiedenen Zielentfernungen. `Diplomarbeit' (Masters thesis) University of Tu\u0308bingen, Germany."},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rayner, J. M. V. and Aldridge, H. D. J. N.(1985). Three-dimensional reconstruction of animal flight paths and the turning flight of microchiropteran bats. J. Exp. Biol.118,247-265.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.118.1.247"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rydell, J., Miller, L. A. and Jensen, M. E.(1999). Echolocation constraints of Daubenton's bat foraging over water. Funct. Ecol.13,247-255.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.1999.00304.x"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnitzler, H. U. and Kalko, E. K. V. (2001). Echolocation by insect-eating bats. Bioscience51, 557-569","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2001)051[0557:EBIEB]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schuller, G. (1977). Echo delay and overlap with emitted orientation sounds and Doppler-shift compensation in the bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum.J. Comp. Physiol. 114,103-114.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00656811"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siemers, B. M., Stilz, P. and Schnitzler, H. U.(2001). The acoustic advantage of hunting at low heights above water: behavioural experiments on the European `trawling' bats Myotis capaccinii, M. dasycneme and M. daubentonii.J. Exp. Biol. 204,3843-3854.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.22.3843"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simmons, J. A., Moffat, A. J. M. and Masters, W. M.(1992). Sonar gain control and echo detection thresholds in the echolocating bat, Eptesicus fuscus.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91,1150-1163.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.402641"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spedding, G. R., Rayner, J. M. V. and Pennycuick, C. J.(1984). Momentum and energy in the wake of a pigeon (Columba livia) in slow flight. J. Exp. Biol.111,81-102.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.111.1.81"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanton, T. K. (1990). Sound scattering by spherical and elongated shelled bodies. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.88,1619-1633.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.400321"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suga, N. and Jen, P. (1975). Peripheral control of acoustic signals in the auditory system of echolocating bats. J. Exp. Biol.62,277-311.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.62.2.277"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF33","unstructured":"Urick, R. J. (1983). Principles of Underwater Sound. New York: McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaughan, N. (1997). The diets of British bats(Chiroptera). Mammal. Rev.27, 77-94.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.1997.tb00373.x"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waters, D. A. and Jones, G. (1995). Echolocation call structure and intensity in five species of insectivorous bats. J. Exp. Biol.198,475-489.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.198.2.475"},{"key":"2021042504584527700_REF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, J. G. and Waters, D. A. (2001). The synchronisation of signal emission with wingbeat during the approach phase in soprano pipistrelles (Pipistrellus pygmaeus). J. Exp. Biol.204,575-583.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.3.575"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/205\/18\/2865\/1242867\/2865.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article-pdf\/205\/18\/2865\/1242867\/2865.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T11:06:00Z","timestamp":1619953560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/205\/18\/2865\/9100\/Intensity-control-during-target-approach-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,15]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.205.18.2865","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9145","0022-0949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9145","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-0949","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,15]]}}}