{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:21:10Z","timestamp":1791411670217,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Well-trained endurance athletes frequently have a lower peripheral chemoreceptor (pRc) sensitivity and a lower minute ventilation(V\u0307E) during exercise compared to untrained individuals. We speculated that the decreased pRcresponse may be specifically associated with repeated exposure to the high rates of ventilation occurring during exercise training. We therefore examined the effect of respiratory muscle training (RMT; 20\u00d7 30 min sessions of voluntary normocapnic hyperpnea) on the pRc sensitivity during exercise and on cycling performance. RMT was chosen to achieve a high V\u0307E, similar to that of heavy exercise,while avoiding the other accompanying effects of whole body exercise. 20 trained male cyclists were randomized into RMT (N=10) or control(N=10) groups. Subjects' pRc response was assessed by a modified Dejours O2 test (10-12 breaths of 100% O2,repeated 4-6 times) during cycling exercise at 40% of the maximal work capacity (W\u0307max). Cycling performance was measured during a cycling test to exhaustion (85%W\u0307max). The RMT group exhibited a significantly reduced pRc sensitivity (mean \u00b1S.D.) compared to the control group (-5.8\u00b16.0% versus0.1\u00b14.6%, P&amp;lt;0.5). Cycling endurance improved significantly after RMT in comparison to the control group (+3.26\u00b14.98 versus -1.46\u00b13.67 min, P&amp;lt;0.05). However, these changes in pRc response were not significantly correlated with exercise ventilation or cycling endurance time. We conclude that the high levels of ventilation achieved during exercise, as simulated by RMT in this study, appear to be accompanied by a reduction in pRc sensitivity;however, the role of the pRc in the control of ventilation during exercise seems to be minor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.24.3937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T05:10:19Z","timestamp":1619327419000},"page":"3937-3943","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Hyperpnea training attenuates peripheral chemosensitivity and improves cycling endurance"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Michael E.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Physiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Boutellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Physiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Spengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Physiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF1","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society (1991). Lung function testing: Selection of reference values and interpretative strategies. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.144,1202-1218."},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF2","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society (1995). Standardization of spirometry; 1994 update. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.152,1107-1136."},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benoit, H., Germain, M., Barthe\u0301le\u0301my, J. C., Denis,C., Castells, J., Dormois, D., Lacour, J. R. and Geyssant, A.(1992). Pre-acclimatization to high altitude using exercise with normobaric hypoxic gas mixtures. Int. J. Sports Med.13,S213-S216.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024643"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boutellier, U., Bu\u0308chel, R., Kundert, A. and Spengler,C. (1992). The respiratory system as an exercise limiting factor in normal trained subjects. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.65,347-353.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00868139"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boutellier, U. and Piwko, P. (1992). The respiratory system as an exercise limiting factor in normal sedentary subjects. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.64,145-152.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00717952"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dejours, P. (1963). Control of respiration by arterial chemoreceptors. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.109,682-695.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13497.x"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF7","unstructured":"Dempsey, J. A., Ainsworth, D. M. and Forster, H. V.(1995). Regulation of hyperpnea, hyperventilation, and respiratory muscle recruitment during exercise. In Regulation of Breathing (ed. J. A. Dempsey and A. I. Pack), pp.1065-1134. New York: Marcel Dekker."},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katayama, K., Sato, Y., Morotome, Y., Shima, N., Ishida, K.,Mori, S. and Miyamura, M. (1999). Ventilatory chemosensitive adaptations to intermittent hypoxic exposure with endurance training and detraining. J. Appl. Physiol.86,1805-1811.","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.6.1805"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leith, D. E. and Bradley, M. (1976). Ventilatory muscle strength and endurance training. J. Appl. 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Appl. Physiol.85,233-239.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210100450"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nye, P. C. (1994). Identification of peripheral chemoreceptor stimuli. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.26,311-318.","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199403000-00007"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scoggin, C. H., Doekel, R. D., Kryger, M. H., Zwillich, C. W. and Weil, J. V. (1978). Familial aspects of decreased hypoxic drive in endurance athletes. J. Appl. Physiol.44,464-468.","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.44.3.464"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spengler, C. M., Roos, M., Laube, S. M. and Boutellier, U.(1999). Decreased exercise blood lactate concentrations after respiratory endurance training in humans. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.79,299-305.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050511"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward, S. A. (1994). Assessment of peripheral chemoreflex contributions to exercise hyperpnea in humans. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.26,303-310.","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199403000-00006"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weil, J. V., Byrne-Quinn, E., Sodal, I. E., Kline, J. S.,McCullough, R. E. and Filley, G. F. (1972). Augmentation of chemosensitivity during mild exercise in normal man. J. Appl. Physiol.33,813-819.","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.33.6.813"},{"key":"2021042505042365600_REF18","unstructured":"Weil, J. V. and Swanson, G. D. (1991). Chemoreceptors and control of breathing. In Exercise: Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology (ed. B.J. Whipp and K. Wasserman),pp. 371-403. 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