{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T11:55:38Z","timestamp":1768823738044,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The larval mosquito midgut exhibits one of the highest pH values known in a biological system. While the pH inside the posterior midgut and gastric caeca ranges between 7.0 and 8.0, the pH inside the anterior midgut is close to 11.0. Alkalization is likely to involve bicarbonate\/carbonate ions. These ions are produced in vivo by the enzymatic action of carbonic anhydrase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of this enzyme in the alkalization mechanism, to establish its presence and localization in the midgut of larval Aedes aegypti and to clone and characterize its cDNA. Here, we report the physiological demonstration of the involvement of carbonic anhydrase in midgut alkalization. Histochemistry and in situ hybridization showed that the enzyme appears to be localized throughout the midgut, although preferentially in the gastric caeca and posterior regions with specific cellular heterogeneity. Furthermore, we report the cloning and localization of the first carbonic anhydrase from mosquito larval midgut. A cDNA clone from Aedes aegypti larval midgut revealed sequence homology to \u03b1-carbonic anhydrases from vertebrates. Bioinformatics indicates the presence of at least six carbonic anhydrases or closely related genes in the genome of another dipteran, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Molecular analyses suggest that the larval mosquito may also possess multiple forms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.5.591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T04:48:25Z","timestamp":1619326105000},"page":"591-602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Carbonic anhydrase in the midgut of larval<i>Aedes aegypti<\/i>: cloning, localization and inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"del Pilar Corena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL 32080, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa J.","family":"Seron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL 32080, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herm K.","family":"Lehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith D.","family":"Ochrietor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL 32080, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL 32080, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chingkuang","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Linser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL 32080, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042504475912500_BOUDKO-ETAL-2001A","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boudko, D. Y., Moroz, L. L., Harvey, W. R. and Linser, P. J. (2001a). Alkalinization by chloride\/bicarbonate pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA98, 15354\u201315359.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261253998"},{"key":"2021042504475912500_BOUDKO-ETAL-2001B","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boudko, D. Y., Moroz, L. L., Linser, P. J., Trimarchi, J. R., Smith, P. J. S. and Harvey, W. R. (2001b). In situ analysis of pH gradients in mosquito larvae using non-invasive, self-referencing, pH-sensitive microelectrodes. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 691\u2013699.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.4.691"},{"key":"2021042504475912500_CLARK-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark, T. M., Koch, A. and Moffett, D. F. (1999). The anterior and posterior \u2018stomach\u2019 regions of larval Aedes aegypti midgut: regional specialization of ion transport and stimulation by 5-hydroxytryptamine. J. Exp. 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Extremely high pH in biological systems: a model for carbonate transport. Am. J. Physiol. 24, R633\u2013R636.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1984.246.4.R633"},{"key":"2021042504475912500_FERNLEY-1988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernley, R. T. (1988). Non-cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases. Trends Biochem. Sci.13, 356\u2013359.","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(88)90107-7"},{"key":"2021042504475912500_GUBLER-1997","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gubler, D. J. (1997). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Its history and resurgence as a global public health problem. In Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (ed. D. J. Gubler and G. Kuno), pp. 1\u201322. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-06668-9.50077-6"},{"key":"2021042504475912500_HALSTEAD-1997","unstructured":"Halstead, S. B. (1997). Epidemiology of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (ed. D. J. Gubler and G. Kuno), pp. 23\u201344. 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