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However, studies focusing on the measurement of physiological traits are usually performed under constant temperature regimes. This mismatch between thermal exposure in the field and experimental conditions could act as a stressor agent, as physiological functions are strongly influenced by temperature. Herein, we asked the question whether constant thermal regimes would cause a stress response and impact the immunity of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) when compared with a fluctuating thermal regime. We addressed this question by determining heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, plasma bacteria-killing ability (BKA) and corticosterone (CORT) levels in snakes kept under a constant temperature regime at 30\u00b0C, and under a fluctuating regime that oscillated between 25\u00b0C at night and 35\u00b0C during the day. The experiments had a mirrored design, in which half of the snakes were subjected to a fluctuating-to-constant treatment, while the other half was exposed to a constant-to-fluctuating treatment. The shift from constant to fluctuating thermal regime was accompanied by an increase in plasma CORT levels, indicating the activation of a stress response. Exposure to a fluctuating thermal regime at the onset of the experiments induced a decrease in the BKA of rattlesnakes. H:L ratio was not affected by treatments and, therefore, the shift between thermal regimes seems to have acted as a low-intensity stressor. Our results suggest that removal from temperatures close to the snake's preferred body temperature triggers a stress response in rattlesnakes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.208645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T10:55:49Z","timestamp":1572519349000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Exposure to fluctuating temperatures leads to reduced immunity and to stress response in rattlesnakes"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"222","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9072-0401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ailton","family":"Fabr\u00edcio-Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Estadual Paulista 1 Departamento de Zoologia , , 13506-900 Rio Claro, S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4399-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla B.","family":"Madelaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo 2 Departamento de Fisiologia , , 05508-900 S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando R.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo 2 Departamento de Fisiologia , , 05508-900 S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7662-2848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis V.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Estadual Paulista 1 Departamento de Zoologia , , 13506-900 Rio Claro, S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041419092467700_JEB208645C1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Reproductive cycle in Crotalus durissus and Bothrops jararaca (Serpentes, Viperidae): morphology and function oviductal","volume":"26","author":"Almeida-Santos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. 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